柴达木野生黑果枸杞适生地生物地球化学特征

The Lycium ruthenicum murr belongs to the more thorny shrub of Solanaceae Lyscum,and mainly distributed in the northwest arid and saline-alkali soil in desert area.It can be used as a soil and water conservation shrub,its fruit is rich in total flavone,proanthocyanidins,amino acdis and mineral elements,which has very high medical and health value.The technology of development and utilization for Lycium ruthenicum murr fruit is becoming more and more mature,but the wild resources of Lycium ruthenicum murr are very limited.Chaidam Basin is one of the origin of Lycium ruthenicum murr,there are rich germplasm resources and suitable climate and soil evironment.In order to make the quality of artificial cultivation close to wild quality, in this study,the origin soil and Lycium ruthenicum as the study objiect,and with the method of combining the field sampling and in door chemical analysis to clarify the distribution and morphological characteristics of microelements that influence the Lycium ruthenicum murr quality.Definite the coupling relationship between Lycium ruthenicum murr quality and geochemical elemet,so as to grasp the characteristics of microelements in the soil,and guide to select the planting site conditions.In order to provide a theoretical basis for establishing the element identification system of the advantage origin products.3-5 papers will be published in SCI or core journals;2-3 graduate students will be trained.

黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）属茄科枸杞属的多棘刺灌木，主要分布于西北干旱盐碱土荒漠地区。可作为水土保持的灌木，其果实富含总黄酮、原花青素、氨基酸和矿质元素，具有很高的医疗和保健价值。黑果枸杞的果实开发和利用技术日益成熟，但黑果枸杞野生资源非常有限。柴达木盆地是黑果枸杞的原产地之一，有丰富的种质资源和适宜的气候土壤环境，为使人工栽培品质接近野生品质，本研究以柴达木黑果枸杞原产地土壤和黑果枸杞为对象，采用实地调查取样和室内化学分析相结合的方法，理清影响黑果枸杞品质的土壤中、微量元素的分布和存在形态，明确柴达木黑果枸杞品质与地球化学元素耦合关系，掌握道地性种植生产土壤中的中、微量元素特征，指导种植立地条件的选择，为建立优势原产地产品的元素标识体系提供依据。发表SCI或核心期刊文章3-5篇，培养2-3名硕士研究生。

植物黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum Murray）是传统的民族用，现代医学证明有抗氧化、抗动脉硬化、增强免疫力、降血脂、抗衰老的作用，是近十年来发展起来的一种药食同源保健类浆果。影响产自不同地区黑果枸杞果品品质差异性，除干旱荒漠这个环境因素外，极有可能土壤化学因素重要因子。研究得到以下结论：（1）柴达木黑果枸杞原生地土壤中Cl、S、Br、As、Cs富集程度高，Cl、S含量高且呈现为南高北低的分布特征。与中国土壤化学元素丰度相比，原生地土壤CaO、MgO相对富集，Si2O、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、Na2O有所贫化，其中Si2O贫化幅度在9%以上。(2）柴达木黑果枸杞原生地土壤Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn均为超出《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB15618-2018）规定限值。（3）Li、Sr、Se、B四种元素是道地柴达木黑果枸杞微量元素研究的目标元素，原生地土壤普遍达到了富硒土壤的标准。（4）柴达木黑果枸杞原生地土壤为盐化灰棕漠土和盐土，表层20cm全盐量在3-32g/kg。阴离子含量依次为Cl-＞SO42-＞HCO3-＞CO32-，阳离子含量依次为Na+＞Mg2+＞K+＞Ca2+。（5）野生黑果枸杞果品K、Ca、Mg、Fe含量柴达木盆地北缘含量低于来自盆地南缘，西侧部低于中东部，B含量高于新疆、甘肃样品；除V、Ge、Pb三种元素外，黑果枸杞元素均表现为“果＞茎—叶＞叶”，表明多数元素最终向果品富集。（6）黑果枸杞果实Vc、Ve、总多酚含量、总黄酮含量、总花色苷含量变化幅度分别为:143.86-558.14 mg/kg 、81.24-95.88 mg/kg、79.21-24.23 mg/kg、1.65-3.68 mg/g、7.25-33.07mg/g。矮牵牛素花青素为野生黑果枸杞最为主要的花青素，含量占野生黑果枸杞总花青素的75%以上，是较好的开发富含花色苷多酚类食品的重要资源。多酚类物质占比较大的芦丁、槲皮素野生黑果枸杞高于种植枸杞，柚皮素、对香豆酸种植黑果枸杞含量高于野生枸杞，格尔木地区咖啡酸含量野生黑果枸杞高于种植。