纳米粒子毛细管电泳/电色谱技术应用于元素形态分析

Recently, the application of nanomaterials in elemental speciation analysis is focused on the use of nanomaterials as absorbants in the sample preconcentration. A novel speciation analysis technique will be developed herein by adding functionalized nanoparticles into the running buffer to control the separation procedure of capillary electrophoresis/ electrochromatography (CE/CEC). Different types of monodispersed functionalized (molecularly imprinted) nanoparticles will be prepared using modified sol-gel (molecular imprinting) technique and electron spray technique. These functionalized nanoparticles will be added into the running buffer, which can be kinetically adsorbed onto the inner surface of capillary to change(or reverse) EOF. As separation media, the nanoparticles can also participate in the separation process acting as pseudostationary phases (PSPs) to improve the separation efficiency and selectivity. The developed technique can be used in the on-line preconcentration and separation of the speciation of mercury and selenium. The high sensitivity and selectivity can be obtained by employing atomic fluorescence spectrometer as detector. By comparing the new technique with conventional HPLC and CE/CEC as to separation efficiency and applicability, we can elucidate the advantage and disadvantage of the proposed technique in detail. Basing on the researches above, the new technique will be tried and applied to the trace-element speciation analysis in real environmental samples.

目前，将纳米材料应用于元素形态分析的研究主要集中在以纳米材料为吸附剂的样品预处理过程。本项目拟将纳米粒子加入运行缓冲溶液中以调控毛细管电泳的分离过程，发展形态分析的新方法。结合溶胶-凝胶（分子印迹）技术和电喷雾技术制备具有不同分离机理的单分散功能化（分子印迹）纳米微球；将纳米微球加入缓冲溶液中，既可通过动态吸附于毛细管壁改变或逆转电渗流，也可作为假固定相参与样品在柱内的分配和保留，并将之用于汞、硒等元素不同形态组分的在线富集和分离；采用具有元素选择性的原子荧光光谱仪作为检测器，通过对检测条件的优化，实现汞、硒等元素的高灵敏和选择性检测；通过与高效液相色谱和毛细管电泳/电色谱技术在分离效率和应用范围等方面的系统比较，从方法学角度阐明纳米粒子毛细管电泳/电色谱技术应用于元素形态分析方面的优缺点；在上述研究的基础上，将新技术用于环境样品中痕量元素的形态分析。

本项目将纳米粒子加入运行缓冲溶液中以调控毛细管电泳的分离过程，用于元素的形态分析。结合溶胶-凝胶（分子印迹）技术制备具有不同分离机理的单分散功能化（分子印迹）纳米微球；将纳米微球加入缓冲溶液中，既可通过动态吸附于毛细管壁改变或逆转电渗流，也可作为假固定相参与样品在柱内的分配和保留，并将之用于铬、硒等元素不同形态组分的在线富集和分离；通过与高效液相色谱和毛细管电泳/电色谱技术在分离效率和应用范围等方面的系统比较，从方法学角度阐明纳米粒子毛细管电泳/电色谱技术应用于元素形态分析方面的优缺点；在上述研究的基础上，将新技术用于环境样品中痕量元素的形态分析。