以高铝粉煤灰为原料熔盐电解法制备铝镓合金及其制氢机理研究

The stock and the annual increment of the high-alumina coal fly ash in China are very large, the content of gallium in the high-alumina coal fly ash is high; Hydrogen generation of Al-Ga (or Al-Ga-In-Sn) alloy is a promising method of hydrogen storage and hydrogen transport. This project will extract the mixture of alumina and gallium oxide by lime sintering method using high-alumina coal fly ash as raw material, develop the key technology to control the composition of the mixture of alumina and gallium oxide; Al-Ga (or Al-Ga-In-Sn) alloy will be prepared by molten-salt electrolysis method using alumina and gallium oxide (indium oxide, tin oxide), the effect of electrolysis conditions and the composition of the electrolytic raw materials on the composition of Al alloys will be investigated, and the electrolytic reaction mechanism of the mixture of alumina and Ga2O3(In2O3, SnO2) will be discovered; the results will provide the theoretical support for selecting electrolysis conditions of the mixture of alumina and Ga2O3 (In2O3, SnO2) and controlling the composition of aluminum alloy. This project will study the influence of the treatment conditions from aluminum alloy to alloy powder and storage conditions on microstructure and hydrogen generation property, and uncover the structure-activity relationship among the composition, microstructure and hydrogen generation property of aluminum alloy and the hydrogen generation mechanism. The project is very important to the utilization of waste resource, the storage and transport of hydrogen and the cost reduction of hydrogen generation alloy.

中国高铝粉煤灰存量和每年新增量巨大，高铝粉煤灰中镓的含量高；铝镓（铝镓铟锡）合金制氢是很有前景的贮存和运输氢气的方法。本项目以高铝粉煤灰为原料，采用石灰烧结法提取氧化铝和氧化镓的混合物，开发控制氧化铝和氧化镓混合物组成的关键技术；以氧化铝和氧化镓（氧化铟、二氧化锡）为原料，采用熔盐电解法制备铝镓（铟锡）合金，研究电解条件、电解原料组成对铝合金组成的影响规律，揭示电解氧化铝和氧化镓（氧化铟，二氧化锡）混合物的电化学反应机理，为选择适当电解工艺条件、控制铝合金的组成提供理论依据。研究铝合金制合金粉处理条件和贮存条件对铝合金微结构、产氢性能的影响规律，揭示铝合金组成、微结构和产氢性能之间的构效关系和产氢机理。本项目对废物资源利用、氢气贮存运输、降低产氢合金的成本有重要意义。

中国高铝粉煤灰存量和每年新增量巨大，高铝粉煤灰中镓的含量高；铝镓合金制氢是很有应用前景的贮存和运输氢气的方法。本项目以高铝粉煤灰为原料，分别以碳酸钠煅烧法、碳酸钙煅烧法、氧化钙煅烧法、氯化钠/碳酸钠煅烧法、水热碱溶、水热酸溶、微波碱溶浸取粉煤灰中的铝和镓，采用两段碳酸化法从铝镓混合液中分离出氧化铝，提高溶液中镓和铝的比例，初步得到从高铝粉煤灰中提取氧化铝和氧化镓混合物的技术。制备了能吸附镓离子和铝离子双分子印迹聚合物，试图开发新的提高氧化铝和氧化镓混合物中氧化镓含量的新方法。以氧化铝和氧化镓为原料，采用熔盐电解法制备铝镓合金，研究了电解条件、电解原料组成对合金的组成影响规律，初步揭示了电解氧化铝和氧化镓混合物的电化学过程。研究了铝镓合金的组成、微结构等对产氢性能的影响，初步揭示铝镓合金组成、微结构与产氢性能之间关系。但是制备的铝镓合金块体不同微小部分的组成存在差异，需要进一步完善制备铝镓合金的技术，产氢机理也需要进一步研究。本项目对废物资源利用、氢气贮存运输、降低铝镓合金成本有重要意义。