面向装配约束的公差建模与误差一致性优化评定方法

According to the collaborative environment and integrated requirements for product design, manufacturing, and measurement,this project investigates a new method for tolerance specifications model and tolerance optimization evaluation of geometric features for component parts. The geometric representation model and computer representation model for tolerance specifications of geometric features in GPS general matrix will be proposed. Through analysis and establishment of the coherent relations between the related parameters in the geometric model, we will obtain the parameterized representation model and the computer representation model. The geometrical charastristics, classifications, and representations of assembly constraints are investigated. The methods for analysis and synthesis of tolerance specifications of geometric features of component parts in assembly have been further investigated under the conditions of assembly constraints. The method for design and optimization of assembly tolerance specifications for satisfied functional requirement and performance will be proposed. In terms of the duality principle of tolerance specification and tolerance evaluation, we use evaluation precision, evaluation cost, and computation complexity as the optimization objective and the related measurement processes are used as constraints to optimize the measurement parameters and evaluation algorithms. By selection of the optimized correlation operators of the related operations and establishment of optimized measurement points and the distribution of measurement points during the measurement process, we are able to realize the optimized evaluation of tolerance errors. The research project is of great value for modeling methods of tolerance specifications in geometrical products under the integrated environment of Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Aided Manufacture, and Computer-Aided Test (CAD/CAM/CAT) and is of significant reference value of optimized evaluation of the geometric errors in component parts.

从产品公差设计、零件制造与误差测量的并行环境和集成要求出发，提出GPS通用矩阵几何要素公差规范的几何模型和计算机表示模型，通过分析和建立几何模型与有关参数的映射对应关系，实现参数化的几何表示模型和计算机表示模型。深入研究装配几何约束的特征、分类和表示方法，机械零件在装配条件约束下零件装配几何要素公差规范的分析和综合方法，建立满足装配性能要求的公差规范的设计和优化方法。根据公差规范与检验评定的对偶性原理，以评定精度、评定成本、计算复杂度等为优化目标，以几何要素公差规范的测量过程为约束，优化测量参数和优化评定算法。通过优化相关操作的关联操作算子，建立测量点数和图形分布的优化选用准则来实现优化的误差评定。该项目对于研究机械产品公差规范与计算机辅助设计/辅助制造/辅助测量相集成的建模方法，对于机械零件误差的优化评定具有重要的科学价值。

机械产品装配公差的设计是产品工作性能和制造成本平衡的综合结果，如何构造机械产品的装配模型并进行合理的装配公差设计是现代制造信息集成亟待解决的问题。为实现公差的自动设计，需要分别建立三种不同模型，一是满足工程语义公差带几何表示模型，二是公差带的数学表示模型，三是公差带的计算机表示模型。本项目基于计量数学，建立了几何要素公差的几何模型并深入研究公差带的参数化映射关系。根据零件装配过程的实际工程约束，建立了装配公差的层次模型来表示装配结构中的零件、几何要素、几何要素约束关系、公差类型、公差原则的层次映射关系。根据几何要素公差几何模型的工程语义，基于描述逻辑和本体的相关工具，建立起公差的本体表示模型，通过推理规则和推理机，实现了公差类型的自动生成。基于GPS标准体系，根据公差规范与检验评定的对偶性原理，对几何要素公差规范的测量过程进行优化，研究优化测量参数和优化评定算法。在国内外重要学术期刊发表论文38篇，其中SCI或EI收录论文6篇。授权发明专利15项，计算机软件著作权登记证书1项。培养研究生9名。此外，申请发明专利26项。