中南半岛生物质燃烧有机污染排放及其区域环境影响

Regional biomass burning injects enormous amount of gasses and particles into the atmosphere. It is regarded as an important biogeochemical processes even at global scale, and poses significant impact on regional atmospheric environment. The Indo-China Peninsula (Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia) is one of the typical regions where large scale biomass burning activities take place, characteristic of widespread burning area, concentrated burning season, and various burning types. The emission may affect the vast region of West Pacific including the southern China coastal length. The peninsula has been a research hotspot for biomass burning emission research. The proposed project aims at a comprehensive study on the emission of carbonaceous aerosols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from biomass burning in the peninsula, by integrating open biomass burning experiments, regional passive air sampling, station-based active air sampling, inorganic and organic markers and numeric models etc. In particular, novel passive atmospheric samplers and unique technique for radiocarbon analysis of carbon species in aerosols, as well as compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of PAHs, will be employed to effectively apportion the biomass burning contribution to regional air pollution. The emission mechanisms, chemical compositions, spatial-temporal distribution and environmental impact of biomass burning emission from the Indo-China peninsula will be investigated; the pathways for long-range atmospheric transport of this biomass burning emission towards the southern China coastal region will be elucidated and its impact range and extent being assessed.

区域生物质燃烧向大气排放大量气体和颗粒物，是地表生物地球化学循环的重要过程，影响区域空气质量。中南半岛（泰国、越南、缅甸、老挝、柬埔寨）是全球生物质燃烧的典型区域，燃烧量大、时间集中、类型多样。其污染排放可能影响包括我国华南沿海和广大西太平洋地区，是相关研究的热点地区。项目拟以中南半岛及其邻区为研究区，以碳质气溶胶、多环芳烃、典型持久性有机污染物为主要目标污染物，以大气被动采样、颗粒物不同碳组分和多环芳烃的单体放射性碳测定为特色技术，结合生物质露天燃烧实验、区域被动采样观测、关键站位主动采样观测、标志物示踪和数值模拟等方法手段，对中南半岛生物质燃烧排放有机物进行综合研究。建立区域生物质燃烧有机污染物排放与环境影响的观测-示踪-模拟技术与方法体系，阐明中南半岛生物质燃烧有机污染的排放机理、化学组成、时-空分布和环境影响，查明中南半岛生物质燃烧有机污染向我国华南沿海的传输通道、影响范围和程度。

项目旨在系统研究中南半岛生物质燃烧（BB）排放有机污染及其区域环境影响，主要研究内容包括BB有机质分析和示踪新技术、BB有机污染源排放特征、中南半岛BB有机污染的时-空分布及其对邻区大气环境的影响等。项目实现了区域生物质燃烧生物标志物的大气被动采样观测，研发了用于区域黑碳（BC）观测的颗粒物被动采样方法，搭建了用于14C测定的气溶胶OC/EC分离系统，建立了气溶胶多环芳香有机质（POM）的苯多羧酸（BPCA）分析方法，建立了气溶胶中二元酸单体14C分析、大气萘系物的14C-13C-D三元同位素源解析方法。通过燃烧实验，阐明了中南半岛BB颗粒物排放特征及排放量，建立了类腐殖质（HULIS）排放清单，查明了典型源气溶胶中水溶性有机质（WSOC）的光学特征和分子组成。应用被动采样和14C-13C同位素技术，查明了BB对亚洲气溶胶BC的贡献，阐明了中南半岛BB生物标志物的组成和时-空分布；揭示了泰国曼谷气溶胶水溶态有机碳的光学特征和BB来源对其氧化潜势（OP）的贡献。通过定位观测，解析了北部湾气溶胶及其碳质组分来源，揭示了马来半岛Bachok气溶胶的组成特征，评估了BB对Bachok大气环境的影响；开展了北印度洋和南海气溶胶走航观测，揭示了南海至东印度洋WSOC的分子组成、吸光性质和来源。发表SCI论文30篇，在学术会议作特邀报告，一些成果被科普报道。培养博士生12名，来访国外高级访问学者6人次、学生12人次。形成了区域BB污染排放与环境影响的国际研究团队，引领了热带-亚热带发展中国家和地区BB环境影响的研究。