铁路道床轮廓三维动态视觉测量研究

Ballast is the basic part of the railway track,which often has the problems of deformaiton,fracture,sedimentation,collapsing,etc. because of the foundation soil deformation, natural disaster, inner stress, train load pounding and so on. And this situation directly endangers the safty of the railway transportation.To meet the demand of the development of the high velocity railway measurement technology of our country, in this project, we mainly make researches on the principles and key techniques about the railway ballast profile 3D dynamic vision measurement. And the subjects investigated are as follows: 3D vision measurement model of raster strcutured light,calibration method of raster structured light vision sensor and global calibration method of multi structured light vision sensor measurement system. Through the reseaches of this project, new technologies of ballast profile 3D high dynamic measurement with self-dependent interllectual properties of our country will be of formation,as well as to make contributions to ensure the safty of our country's railway transportation and further promote the development of the dynamic measurement technology of our country.

道床是铁路轨道结构的基础组成部分，由于地基变形、自然灾害、内部应力、列车荷载冲击等诱因，常发生变形、断裂、沉降及坍塌等现象，严重危及铁路运输安全。本项目面向我国高速铁路检测技术发展需求，围绕铁路道床轮廓三维动态视觉测量开展基础理论与关键技术研究，主要研究内容包括：光栅结构光三维视觉测量模型、光栅结构光视觉传感器校准方法、光栅结构光多传感器视觉测量系统全局校准方法。通过本项目研究，形成具有我国自主知识产权的道床轮廓高动态测量新技术途径，为保证我国铁路运输安全做出贡献。同时，推动我国动态测试技术的进一步发展。

本项目围绕铁路道床轮廓三维动态视觉测量开展基础理论与关键技术研究，属测试计量技术及仪器方向。主要内容包括：光栅结构光三维视觉测量模型、光栅结构光视觉传感器校准方法、光栅结构光多传感器视觉测量系统全局校准方法。突破的关键技术有：（1）建立了基于空间直线Plüker矩阵表示的光栅结构光三维视觉测量模型；（2）提出了光栅结构视觉传感器的平行线束平面靶标校准法；（3）提出了光栅结构光多传感器视觉测量系统的球直线靶尺全局校准方法；（4）提出了光栅结构光多传感器视觉测量系统的平行线束平面靶标全局校准法;（5）搭建了初步测量实验系统。上述研究结果提升了视觉测量模型的稳健性，提高了视觉测量校准的精度和现场适用性，推动了视觉测量研究的发展。