基于秀丽隐杆线虫的毒性鉴别评价（TIE）技术在生活污水中PPCPs毒物确证与毒性评价中的应用研究

With the rapid development of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been produced and used in a large scale. They have been detected in surface water, groundwater and even drinking water all around the world. Many PPCPs are considered potentially hazardous compounds because they are ubiquitous, persistent, and biologically active. Concerns have therefore been raised about the potential effects of active PPCPs in the environment on human and environmental health. Analyze with conventional physical and chemical parameters and a few methods of monitoring priority pollutants in environmental samples can only identify the specific contaminants components, without the knowledge of their active effects. Given that a variety kinds of compounds are always found in environmental water samples, toxicological tests of pure chemicals cannot satisfy the requirements. Some studies have provided evidence that the toxic effects of pure chemicals are not always consist with the effects of them in the water samples. When toxicity is encountered in environmental samples, identifying the substance responsible can be done through a three phase toxicity identification evaluation (TIE). In this study, we will not only detect the compounds and concentrations of PPCPs in the sewage effluent, but also applicate TIE procedure to identify the specific compounds of PPCPs as the cause of the toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. With the aid of TIE methods, the characterization of toxic components are allowed to be evaluated and suspected, and we can comprehend the particular class of chemicals that the toxicant comes from.

随着医药及洗化业的大规模发展，药物与个人护理用品（PPCPs）的生产和使用迅猛增长，导致其在地表水、地下水甚至饮用水中均有检出，虽以痕量存在但难以降解，长期残留蓄积会对人类健康和生态环境造成潜在的风险。现有研究仅能通过常规理化参数和少数优先控制污染物监测的方法对环境样品中具体污染物组分进行鉴定，而采用单一的标准品溶液进行PPCPs的毒性评价又因环境水样中往往存在多种化合物而受限，且环境水样的毒性效应可能与其所含化学物质的毒性效应并不一致。基于此，本研究拟将新型模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫引入毒性鉴别评价(TIE)技术并应用于生活污水中PPCPs的毒物鉴定和毒性评价：一方面监测生活污水中的PPCPs种类和浓度，确定主要的PPCPs污染物；另一方面对各个分离组分进行毒性评价，识别造成环境水样毒性的化学物，经标准品溶液确认毒物毒性后，综合TIE三步骤结论确定生活污水中的主要PPCPs毒物及其毒性。

随着医药及洗化行业的大规模发展，药物与个人护理用品（PPCPs）的生产和使用迅猛增长，导致其在地表水、地下水甚至饮用水中均有检出，虽以痕量存在但难以降解，长期残留蓄积会对人类健康和生态环境造成潜在的风险。现有毒性研究的暴露浓度远大于环境中实际的暴露浓度，所以其毒性效应可能与环境浓度下的毒性效应呈现不一致。基于此，本研究拟将新型模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫引入环境浓度下PPCPs的毒性评价中。通过考察常见抗生素和抗菌剂对线虫致死率影响，选择对线虫敏感的抗菌剂作为受试物。环境浓度下抗菌剂三氯生和三氯卡班对线虫生长发育、行为及其子代具有毒性影响。行为毒性包括运动行为和排便行为影响。本研究有结果表明三氯生对γ-氨基丁酸能、胆碱酯能、多巴胺能神经递质系统有影响。三氯卡班对γ-氨基丁酸能神经递质系统有影响。运动行为可能与神经元受损、神经递质系统改变有关，且亲代染毒可能与子代毒性有关。粒径1和5μm微塑料染毒一定时间，发现微塑料的摄入均随染毒浓度和染毒时间的增加而增加，摄入的微塑料大部分在肠道聚集。而且通过观察微塑料的排泄情况发现，小粒径较低浓度的微塑料暴露可能存在无法彻底清除的风险。小粒径低浓度微塑料对线虫寿命和排便的影响显著，可能通过改变排泄和寿命的相关基因表达实现。环境中小粒径低浓度微塑料的健康影响不容忽视。