垄作沟灌栽培模式对啤酒大麦品质影响及调控机制

Ridge planting and furrow irrigating can improve the soil ecological factors such as water, fertilizer and heat, therefore malting barley production increased greatly. In recent years, a large number of research were reported on malting barley yield, water use, growth dynamic of ridge planting and furrow irrigating in Hexi Corridor and northwest oasis irrigation area, but the reports of influence on its quality were little. This project plan to choose typical mode of ridge planting and furrow irrigating in oasis irrigation area of Hexi Corridor, to systematically study the mode of ridge planting and furrow irrigating, density, nitrogen and its interaction and influence on malting barley field soil water dynamic characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and grain quality formation under different planting density and nitrogen supply level. All works aim to explore the mechanism of quality formation on enzyme activity related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, to investigate the rule of malting barley vegetative organs storage material redistribution and grain starch and protein accumulation under different ridge planting and furrow irrigating mode, to clarify physiological mechanism of different ridge planting and furrow irrigating mode affecting the formation of protein, starch, and to establish the regulation scheme of malting barley grain quality formation in different ridge planting and furrow irrigating mode. It will provide theoretical basis and technical approach for malting barley high-yield, high quality, safe, efficient cultivation in northwest oasis irrigation area, and has important theoretical and realistic significance to deepen and expand the physiological mechanism of malting barley’s quality formation under ridge planting and furrow irrigating mode.

垄作沟灌改善农田土壤水、肥、热等生态环境，大幅度提高啤酒大麦产量，近年来在甘肃省河西走廊及西北绿洲灌区大面积推广。当前就垄作沟灌对啤酒大麦产量、水分利用、生长动态等进行大量研究，但对其品质影响报道很少。本项目拟在甘肃河西走廊绿洲灌区选择典型的垄作沟灌模式，设计不同的种植密度、供氮水平，系统研究垄作沟灌模式、密度、氮素及模式、密度、氮素互作对啤酒大麦田间土壤水肥动态、植株碳氮代谢特点及籽粒品质形成的影响，解析碳氮代谢相关酶活性与籽粒品质形成的机理关系，研究不同垄作沟灌模式下啤酒大麦营养器官储存物质再分配及籽粒淀粉、蛋白质累积规律，阐明不同垄作沟灌模式影响蛋白质、淀粉形成的生理机制，确立啤酒大麦在不同垄作沟灌模式下籽粒品质形成的调控方案。为西北绿洲灌区啤酒大麦高产、优质、安全、高效栽培提供理论依据和技术途径，对深化和拓展垄作沟灌模式下啤酒大麦品质形成的生理机制有重要的理论和现实意义。

垄作沟灌在河西走廊及西北绿洲灌区大面积推广，当前就垄作沟灌对啤酒大麦产量、水分利用、生长动态等进行大量研究，但对其产量和品质调控机制报道很少。. 本项目主要研究垄作沟灌对啤酒大麦籽粒千粒重、筛选率、蛋白质、淀粉及麦芽品质的变化和土壤水分、温度、养分和地上部碳、氮代谢指标等参数的动态变化，揭示其对啤酒大麦产量和品质的调控机制。. 垄作沟灌模式下土壤有机质、土壤有效磷、碱解氮、全磷、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、土壤地温、土壤含量均有不同影响，垄作模式有机质含量较高、有效磷、碱解氮、全磷含量、全氮含量较高，不同生育期耕作层地温变化为垄作覆草地温≥垄作≥平作，不同生育期土壤不同层次土壤含水量垄作土壤含水量较高。进而影响啤酒大麦不同生育期叶片的失水速率、比叶中、叶片的相对含水量，垄作离体叶片的失水速率离体叶片的失水速率较小。影响灌浆过程中籽粒可溶性糖、还原糖、蔗糖含量和灌浆过程中不同器官穗、茎、叶、鞘鲜重和干物质重量变化，穗不同部位籽粒（上部、中部、下部）质量变化，籽粒淀粉、蛋白质、籽粒饱满度变化；影响成熟期啤酒大麦生育期、株高、穗长、株穗数、穗粒数、单穗重，籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、饱满度、千粒重和酿造品质蛋白质、水分、糖化时间、粘度、β葡聚糖、色度、微粉浸出率、粗粉浸出率、α氨基氮、可溶性氮、库值调控。最终形成对产量的影响，产量施肥量为12kg/亩≥10kg/亩≥8kg/亩≥0kg/亩；垄作产量密度55万/亩≥25万/亩≥40万/亩；垄作覆草产量密度40万/亩≥25万/亩≥55万/亩。从栽培模式看，垄作最高为385.21kg/亩、其次为垄作覆草为381.24万/亩、平作最低为375.68kg/亩，结果表明垄作沟灌改善农田土壤水、肥、热等生态环境，进而提高啤酒大麦品质和产量。. 该项目为西北绿洲灌区啤酒大麦高产、优质、安全、高效栽培提供理论依据和技术途径，对深化和拓展垄作沟灌模式下啤酒大麦品质形成的生理机制有重要的理论和现实意义，同时为大面积推广应用提供理论支撑。