广义密度视角下城市住区形态及其公共空间品质的影响机制研究——以南京市为例

China has already carried on a new-type urbanization which focuses on the stock utilization and intensive development, consequently the high density development and stock updating of cities have become inevitable nowadays. The current urban residential development follows a series of technical indexes of upper planning. Among them, the density-dependent floor area ratio and site occupancy index have been two of the most decisive indicators in them. However, this extensive pattern of index-orientated management and control results in the homoplasy of urban morphology and the monotonous of communities’ open space. However, the pursuits of the urban residents have shifted from the quantity of residential area to the quality of living space in the same time. Therefore, the quality of public space in community is being increasingly paid attention. The openness of residential areas also makes the adjacent communities become closer and more related to the public space of city..This study analyzes on a series of integrated density’s concepts and corresponding indexes and ratios, which are associated with urban morphology and public spatial quality. Based on the empirical research of existing settlements in Nanjing by quantitative and qualitative ways, rational and perceptual views, physical and human approaches, the study explores how integrated density’s indexes and ratios consist and make influence on the spatial form and the quality of public space in urban settlements and the correlation mechanism between them. The goal is to set up the integrated density indexes and ratio range which can work in dynamic interaction and the organization mode of public space with different densities. The narrative research of daily behaviors and digital 3D dynamic modeling are the supportive study tools and methods. This final achievement are expected to provide theoretical and practical reference for the renewal and new design of urban communities, so as to enhance the inherent quality of urban living and realize the goal of people-centered urbanization.

当下我国新型城镇化“存量优化、精细发展”的大背景下，城市高密度增长和存量更新成为必然。现有住区因循上位规划的一系列技术指标建设，其中相关密度指征的容积率和建筑覆盖率成为决定性因素，较为粗放的指标管控造成城市形态趋同和住区开放空间单调。而城市居民已从满足面积量的需求转向注重空间质的追求，住区公共空间品质因而日益得到关注，住区开放化也使得相邻住区及与城市的公共空间日趋紧密融合。本研究剖析与住区形态及空间品质相关联的一系列广义密度概念和指标，并据此结合定性与定量、见人并见物的方法，立足南京市既有住区的实证调研，通过日常行为叙事研究与数字三维动态建模，探究广义密度指标作为城市住区的空间形态及其公共空间品质的影响因子及其关联作用机制，以期得到适宜的密度动态关联指标值域及不同密度下公共空间组织模式。从而为住区更新及设计提供理论与实操参考，以全面提升城市居住的内在品质，实现以人为核心的城镇化的建设目标。

当下我国新型城镇化“存量优化、精细发展”的大背景下，城市高密度增长和存量更新成为必然。现有住区因循上位规划的一系列技术指标建设，其中相关密度指征的容积率和建筑覆盖率成为决定性因素，较为粗放的指标管控造成城市形态趋同和住区开放空间单调。而城市居民已从满足面积量的需求转向注重空间质的追求，住区公共空间品质因而日益得到关注。.本研究立足南京市既有住区的实证调研，结合定性与定量、见人并见物的方法，展开如下几个方面的研究：1）将密度视为一个包括多个指标的整体性参照指标，研究其与住区空间形态及公共空间品质之间的关联，强调各指标的共同作用与相互作用；2）在城市住区广义密度数据库的基础上，尝试建立关联模型研究住区密度与公共空间物质空间形态之间的关联及互相影响，并与形态风貌整体融合；3）以定性与定量相结合的方式建立住区公共空间品质的评价体系，研究其与密度之间的关联性； 4）分析与探讨住区空间形态及空间品质的影响机制等。.研究成果包括：1）构建广义密度指标体系；2）确定空间品质影响因子及其权重关联；3）构建住区建成环境对居民活动量的影响力梯度层级体系；4）剖析建成环境对不同年龄段居民活动量的影响机制。在此基础上，还延伸展开了更具针对性和实操性的高密度住区公共空间营造策略、住区开放空间与居民的行为需求及空间意图等研究，并因应国家战略、社会发展需求和疫情防控进一步拓展相关研究，包括应对城市更新中传统居住型街区空间及活力、平疫结合视角下的城市老旧社区更新策略、面向智慧社区和低碳城市建设的理论研究和设计实践等。.成果已充分指导及运用于具体实践项目中，并拓展了相关理论研究的广度和深度，同时构建起了产教研融合的教育模式，已取得显著成效。培养了8名研究生，出版专著一部，发表相关学术论文8篇，参加各类国际国内学术会议并应邀报告，引起广泛好评。总体而言，研究为城市更新和社区活化提供理论与实操参考，达到并局部超越了预期的研究目标。