悬浮支撑3D打印有机硅弹性体过程中的界面作用机制与影响研究

Silicone elastomer has been widely used in the fields of aerospace, automotive, marine, bio-medical and electronic applications due to their unique thermal, mechanical, optical, electrical and biological properties, and the requirements on the precision and structure of these elastic components are relatively high. However, the existing molding technology has limitations in the complexity and fineness of the fabricated elastomer components. Fortunately, the liquid support-based 3D printing technology provides a feasible approach to solve the above problems. This project intends to carry out some research on the interface and its influence mechanism of this novel 3D printing technique to explore the forming mechanism behind some novel phenomena by starting from the influence of key issues. According to the defects of the existing research, this research focus on the interfacial interaction between the forming material and the fluid medium to investigate its influence on the surface morphology and adhesion strength. By establishing the interface tracking model considering material properties and printing process, the dynamic characteristics, as well as the interface control mechanism are analyzed. Subsequently, the influence on the surface quality and the internal performance is studied systematically. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide theoretical foundation and technical support for the preparation of complex silicone structures and to promote the application process of high performance flexible parts in various fields.

有机硅弹性体凭借独特的热、力、光、电及生物学特性广泛应用于航空航天、汽车船舶、生物医疗与电子电器等领域，对其元器件的制备精度与结构形式提出很高的要求。然而，现有成形工艺在弹性体的结构复杂性与精细程度方面存在很大的局限性，悬浮支撑3D打印为解决上述问题提供了可操作的实现途径。本项目以悬浮支撑3D打印工艺作为研究对象，以探究成形中表面形态的演变机理及其影响机制为出发点，从该成形工艺的核心问题入手，针对现有研究的缺陷与不足，重点探究成形材料与流体介质之间的界面作用，着眼界面特性对表面形貌与粘合强度的影响机制，开展悬浮支撑3D打印有机硅弹性体过程中的界面作用机制与影响的研究。建立包含材料特性与工艺参数的界面跟踪模型用以分析动态特性并确定界面作用机制，进而深入探究界面参数对制件表面精度与性能的影响，最终为制备复杂精细有机硅胶件提供理论基础与技术支撑，推动高性能复杂柔性结构件在各领域的应用进程。

有机硅橡胶广泛应用于航空航天、汽车船舶、生物医疗与柔性电子等新兴领域，然而利用传统加工方法很难制备出具有复杂精细结构的硅橡胶件，这在很大程度上限制了硅橡胶制件在多个领域的应用。本项目以悬浮支撑3D打印技术为载体，围绕有机硅橡胶在悬浮支撑3D中的工艺特点、性能要求与应用展开了研究，旨在为制备复杂精细有机硅胶件提供理论基础与技术支撑。在悬浮支撑3D打印工艺方面：研究了多工艺参数耦合作用下的悬浮支撑有机硅3D打印工艺与成型机理，结合实验研究与有限元模型揭示了多个过程参数对成型过程与成型件形貌和性能的影响机制；在面向悬浮支撑3D打印的过程规划方面：建立了面向有机硅弹性体悬浮3D打印工艺的过程规划方法，对成型过程中的误差进行建模并提出补偿方法，针对其工艺特点提出基于中轴线的无跳点路径规划方法以提高成型质量，研究了过程规划中的过程参数对加工精度的影响机制；在悬浮支撑3D打印有机硅胶件在制备多孔柔性多孔结构方面：完成了悬浮支撑3D打印成型平台的架构与实验验证，进一步研究了悬浮支撑3D打印在打印柔性多孔结构方面的应用，实现功能/性能驱动的工艺参数调控机制。通过以上研究，本项目对悬浮支撑3D打印工艺在制备有机硅橡胶中的技术难点和理论基础进行了研究，促进了悬浮支撑3D打印技术在制备柔性复杂结构方面的发展，在一定程度上推动3D打印高性能复杂柔性结构件在相关领域的应用进程。