长期定位施肥下新疆灰漠土微生物多样性与土壤肥力的互作效应机理研究

Soil productivity and biodiversity decline have seriously restricted the sustainable yield of the grey desert soil in Xinjiang, China. Soil microorganisms have a great potential for improving soil fertility. There are the close relation to the dynamics variation of soil fertility and soil microorganisms, but no study has investigated the co-regulation effect of soil microorganisms and exotic nutrients and their mechanism to regulate fertility. The grey desert soil from the northwest arid desert zone was the foundation for this project, using the long-term located fertilization experiments of Chinese National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Monitoring Base of Grey Desert as the experiment plot, and to study the relativity between the diversity of microorganisms and the soil fertility using high-throughput sequencing and BIOLOG and RT-QPCR technology combined with the traditional separation method in different fertilizer treatments on long-term located fertilization in grey desert soil area and to screen dominant species of soil microorganisms. Coordination control effect of dominant species of soil microorganisms and exotic nutrients on soil fertility was to be considered from the perspective of the organic carbon source and the metabolic functions. The interaction inducing effects of dominant species of soil microorganisms and crop biomass and soil fertility was to be explored for revealing soil diminant microorganisms community ecological function and effect of the complex farmland soil ecological system in the extreme drought conditions. The study is so as to provide theoretical fundamental and practical basis for the developing the comprehensive ability of farmland research, improving the farmland productivity of the grey desert soil and realizing the sustainable development of regional agriculture.

土壤肥力下降，生物多样性减少严重制约新疆灰漠土区农田持续高产和稳产，土壤微生物在提升土壤肥力过程中潜力巨大。土壤肥力变化与土壤微生物有密切关系，但灰漠土区土壤微生物与外源营养物质对土壤肥力的共调控效应及作用机理研究尚无报道。本项目选择位于西北干旱荒漠地带性土壤-灰漠土为基础，利用“国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站”的长期定位肥料试验区，采用高通量测序、BIOLOG和RT-QPCR等分子技术并结合传统分离方法，研究灰漠土区不同肥料长期定位配施过程中，土壤微生物多样性与土壤肥力的相关性，筛选出提升土壤肥力的优势微生物类群；从微生物碳源利用和代谢功能的角度，探索微生物与外源营养物质对土壤肥力的协同调控效应；阐明土壤优势微生物-作物生物量-土壤肥力的交互效应；揭示极端干旱条件下，复杂的农田生态系统中土壤优势微生物的生态功能和生态效应，为提高灰漠土区农田生产力，实现区域农业可持续发展提供理论基础与实践依据。

土壤肥力下降，生物多样性减少严重制约新疆灰漠土区农田持续高产和稳产，土壤微生物在提升土壤肥力过程中潜力巨大。土壤肥力变化与土壤微生物有密切关系，但灰漠土区土壤微生物与外源营养物质对土壤肥力的共调控效应及作用机理研究尚无报道。本项目选择位于西北干旱荒漠地带性土壤-灰漠土为基础，利用“国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站”的长期定位肥料试验区，采用高通量测序、BIOLOG和RT-QPCR等分子技术并结合传统分离方法，研究灰漠土区不同肥料长期定位配施过程中，土壤微生物多样性与土壤肥力的相关性，筛选出提升土壤肥力的优势微生物类群；从微生物碳源利用和代谢功能的角度，探索微生物与外源营养物质对土壤肥力的协同调控效应；阐明土壤优势微生物-作物生物量-土壤肥力的交互效应；揭示极端干旱条件下，复杂的农田生态系统中土壤优势微生物的生态功能和生态效应，为提高灰漠土区农田生产力，实现区域农业可持续发展提供理论基础与实践依据。