典型淡水养殖湿地甲烷和氧化亚氮排放及其关联微生物机制的比较研究

Aquaculture wetlands are important anthropogenic sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which have been gaining increasing attention among the governments and scientists worldwide. Based on the current diverse and rapid development status of aquaculture in China, this study will be carried out in aquaculture wetlands with typical culture models in Jiangsu area. By annual field measurements of CH4 and N2O fluxes from monoculture, polyculture and mixed-culture wetlands, the study will address the following concerns: (i) To compare the annual and interannual dynamics of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen processes by linking to their underlying mechanisms among aquaculture wetlands with different culture models. (ii) To evaluate the direct and indirect emission rates of CH4 and N2O among typical aquaculture wetlands. (iii) To reveal the soil microbial mechanisms associated with CH4 and N2O emissions in typical aquaculture wetland systems. Results of this study would be conducive to improve the compiling of national inventory of CH4 and N2O emissions from the overall wetlands in China, and simultaneously provide scientific basis and data support for seeking high-efficient, ecological and low-carbon aquaculture production models.

农业淡水养殖湿地是大气甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）重要排放源，其对全球变暖的贡献备受国内外学者关注。本项目针对当前我国淡水养殖模式多样和快速发展现状，以江苏地区代表性的淡水养殖湿地为研究对象，通过对典型单养、套养和混养淡水养殖湿地生态系统碳氮过程与CH4和N2O直接和间接排放的原位观测比较研究，项目将完成：（1）比较不同养殖湿地系统碳氮过程的周年和年际动态特征及驱动机制；（2）评估不同水产养殖系统CH4和N2O直接和间接排放强度及其一致性；（3）揭示典型养殖模式下湿地系统土壤碳氮与CH4和N2O排放的关联微生物驱动机制。研究结果将有助于完善我国湿地CH4和N2O排放清单编制，为寻求高效、生态和低碳的水产养殖模式提供科学依据。

淡水养殖湿地是大气甲烷和氧化亚氮重要排放源，研究和比较不同淡水养殖生态系统甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的差异性特征对于寻求养殖水体温室气体减排对策具有重要意义。本项目以江苏地区典型的长期鱼塘（＞5年）和蟹塘（＞5年）养殖湿地为研究对象，通过对鱼塘和蟹塘湿地甲烷和氧化亚氮排放通量的原位观测和比较研究。项目将完成：（1）揭示不同淡水养殖湿地生态系统甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的时空变异；（2）阐明养殖湿地不同养殖功能区和水分管理驱动的甲烷和氧化亚氮排放差异；（3）揭示不同养殖湿地底泥碳氮与甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的微生物学关联机制。研究结果将为合理估算我国淡水养殖湿地甲烷和氧化亚氮排放总量和寻求我国淡水养殖地生态系统甲烷和氧化亚氮减排对策提供科学依据和数据支撑。