基于翻译后修饰鉴定番茄花粉育性相关小肽的研究

There is a tight link between pollen activity and fruit set and yield of crops. The crop yield reduction result from pollen abortion which increased by global warming and extreme weather disasters has become a severe threat to the world food security. So, How to maintain and improve pollen activity is one of the key problems to be solved in the future agricultural development. More and more studies have revealed that small signaling peptide molecules are critical for the signal transduction in the process from pollen development to germination and pollen tube growth. Arabinosylation of small peptide often decides the biological activity of peptide. Here, we will use tomato arabinosyltransferase loss-of-function mutant, slrra3a, and Multi-omic analysis to screen new small signaling peptides regulating pollen activity. We also aim to confirm the effect of arabinosylation modification on peptide activity and explore the arabinosylated peptides regulating network on the tomato pollen activity. We believe our achievements will be helpful for breeding new tomato cultivars with high pollen activity and fruit yield.

花粉活性直接关系作物坐果、结实及产量。当下全球气候变暖，极端天气频发，逆境胁迫下的花粉败育导致的作物减产严重威胁世界粮食安全。因此，如何维持与提高花粉活性，是未来农业发展亟待解决的关键问题。小肽分子在花粉发育、萌发与花粉管生长等方面发挥重要的信号转导作用。阿拉伯糖基化修饰是决定小肽分子活性的重要翻译后修饰。本项目以番茄花粉败育的阿拉伯糖转移酶突变体slrra3a为材料，运用转录组、蛋白组等多重组学，花粉活性结合生物化学、分子生物学等手段，筛选鉴定调控花粉活性的新型小肽分子，明确阿拉伯糖基化修饰花粉活性在决定小肽活性中的作用，解析阿拉伯糖基化修饰小肽控制番茄花粉活性的分子网络，花粉活性为提高花粉活性，培育高产稳产番茄作物提供理论指导。

花粉的育性对作物的产量具有决定性作用，如何在全球气候变暖、逆境胁迫频发的当下，维持或提高花粉育性，保障粮食安全，是未来农业亟待解决的重大问题。小肽分子是调控生长发育的重要信号分子，但参与花粉活性调控的小肽成员仍不明确，小肽对花粉育性的调控作用认识匮乏。本研究基于小肽翻译后修饰缺陷引发的反馈调节机制，利用番茄小肽阿拉伯糖基化修饰缺陷突变体slrra3a以及转录组学、生物信息学等手段，建立了小肽筛选鉴定新方法，筛选获得了调控花粉育性的新型小肽分子PFPs。本研究创制了番茄小肽pfp3功能缺失型突变体。高温逆境下，pfp3突变体维持了相对较高的花粉萌发活性，坐果率和产量均高于野生型M82，说明PFP3可能抑制了高温下番茄花粉的萌发。本研究为小肽的筛选鉴定研究提供了新的方法，为小肽的功能研究提供了新的模型，为解决高温下花粉败育、作物减产问题和耐逆稳产新型作物的培育，提供了重要的理论指导。