The stainless steel slag is the by-product of stainless steel-making, while the chromium contained in stainless steel slag hinders the utilization of the slag in other fields. At present, it is the major treatment method that some kinds of fluxes are added into the molten stainless steel slag for enhancing the chromium enriched in the spinel phases. The spinel FeCr2O4 as the main mineral phase of chromite is quite stable, which is practically insoluble in water and difficult to be oxided. The investigation of effect of FeO/Fe2O3 on hexavalent chromium elution from stainless steel slag and its mechanism is of great significance for the innocuous treatment and comprehensive utilization of stainless steel slag. In this project, the basic theory of Cr-spinel formation in the system of CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3-FeO/Fe2O3. The variation of physicochemical properties of Cr-spinel crystals and its kinetics mechanism are investigated. In addition, the occurrence state of chromium in the synthetic slag is studied. Moreover, the elution of hexavalent chromium and the mechanism of prevention of Cr6+ elution from stainless steel slag by FeO/Fe2O3 are explored. The theoretical basic is provided to suppress the elution of hexavalent chromium from stainless steel slag in order to promote friendly reutilization of stainless steel slag.
不锈钢渣是不锈钢冶炼的副产品,因含铬而限制了其作为二次资源在其他领域的应用。目前,控制不锈钢渣中Cr6+溶出的主要措施是添加熔剂对不锈钢渣调质以提高铬在尖晶石矿物中的富集程度。铁铬尖晶石作为铬铁矿的主要矿物,是非常稳定的矿物相,不仅难溶于水,而且难以被氧化。研究FeO或Fe2O3(FeO/Fe2O3)对Cr6+溶出的抑制行为及其机理对不锈钢渣的无害化和资源化具有重要意义。本项目拟研究CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-Cr2O3-FeO/Fe2O3体系中铬尖晶石形成的理论基础,探明铬尖晶石晶体物化性质的变化规律及其动力学机理,揭示铬赋存状态的变化规律,探索Cr6+的溶出行为及FeO/Fe2O3抑制Cr6+溶出的机理,为利用FeO/Fe2O3控制不锈钢渣中Cr6+溶出以实现不锈钢渣资源化提供理论依据。
不锈钢渣的Cr6+溶出将会成为限制不锈钢产业发展的障碍,是一个亟待解决的问题。本项目利用FeO/Fe2O3调整CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3体系中铬的赋存状态,使其富集在铬尖晶石相内,提高铬的稳定性以防止铬的溶出。采用理论计算和实验研究相结合的方法,研究FeO和Fe2O3在不同条件下对铬尖晶石性质和铬稳定性的影响。通过对CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3-FeO体系凝固过程的研究,发现了FeO可促进尖晶石晶体的析出量和增加FeCr2O4组元的析出量,且由于FeCr2O4析出时期较MgCr2O4晚,促使尖晶石晶体形成外层富铁的层状结构,提高了尖晶石晶体中铬的稳定性;促进了尖晶石的尺寸的增大,提高铬在尖晶石中的富集程度,有效抑制了Cr6+的溶出量。通过研究Fe2O3对尖晶石晶体析出行为的影响,发现Fe2O3含量的增加促进了尖晶石晶体析出量的增大,当Fe2O3含量由0增加至20%时,尖晶石晶体的析出量从7.97wt%增加至15.23wt%;Fe2O3含量的增加可抑制MgCr2O4析出而促进FeCr2O4、MgFe2O4和Fe3O4的析出;尖晶石晶体的粒径随着Fe2O3含量的增加而增大,当Fe2O3含量由2wt%增加至20wt%时,尖晶石晶体的平均尺寸从2.74μm增加至8.10μm。Fe2O3含量的增加促进尖晶石晶体形成富铁外层、富铬中心的层状结构,提高了铬的稳定性。相比于FeO或Fe2O3的单独作用效果,在Fe2O3与FeO协同作用下尖晶石晶体的析出量、颗粒尺寸均比较好。保温时间和冷却速率对降低尖晶石晶体中的钙含量具有积极作用,可在一定程度上提高铬的稳定性,但是对尖晶石晶体的析出量和晶体尺寸影响不大,长时间的保温和较低的冷却速率仅对析出量和晶体尺寸有微弱的促进作用。在1400℃时,同冷却速率为12℃/min相比,在1℃/min所得的尖晶石晶体的尺寸仅增大0.62%。这主要是因为中尖晶石晶体为高温析出相,尖晶石晶体的转变分数在1873K、1673K时已高达72.07%、92.25%,同时受限于熔体性质的影响,热处理效果微弱。因此,降低熔渣粘度、增加有利于尖晶石晶体析出的组元是实现不锈钢渣无害化和资源化的有效措施。这为利用含铁氧化物钢铁冶金副产品(如高炉粉尘、转炉粉尘等)处理不锈钢渣以实现含Cr2O3钢渣的无害化和资源化提供了理论参考。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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