Pt@M核壳结构双金属复合电极的制备及其对水中硝酸盐的去除研究

One of the most important tasks in water pollution control is to develop a highly efficient nitrate treatment approach. In this project, we proposed to prepare a Pt@M (M = Fe, Cu, Ag, Rh) core-shell composite electrode material with high electrochemical catalytic activity, and use this electrode for the electro-catalytic of nitrate from water. (1) Synergistic effects and electronic effects between metal core (M) and outer shell (Pt) will be investigated to enhance the utilization efficiency and catalytic activity of the electrode material, to establish interaction mechanisms between the structure of the core and the property of Pt catalyst, and to reveal the structure-activity relationship based on its microstructure, composition, physicochemical properties, etc. (2) Mechanisms of nitrate electrochemical reduction will be elucidated to enhance the efficiency of nitrate electro-catalytic, and to promote the complete transfer of nitrate to nitrogen. (3) Bench-scale devices will be constructed for examination of the morphological changes and reconstruction process that affect the catalytic activity, and theoretical background and technique support for the application of the Pt@M core-shell composite electrode material will be provided.

水体硝酸盐类污染物的高效处理仍然是我国水污染控制领域亟待解决的问题。本项目拟选取4种材料（Fe，Cu，Ag和Rh）分别作为金属内核M，在其表面负载具有高催化活性及选择性的Pt壳层，制备低载量Pt@M核壳结构双金属复合电极材料，并将其应用于水中硝酸盐类污染物的去除，通过材料比选及结构优化，力争将水中硝酸盐类污染物催化净化为无毒无害的氮气。探索复合电极材料金属内核M的形状结构与Pt壳层性质间的联系规律，实现Pt壳层的低载量可控制备；重点研究核壳结构复合材料的形状结构对其催化作用的影响规律；并阐明所制备的低载量Pt@M核壳结构双金属复合电极材料对硝酸盐类污染物的电催化还原机理；构建水处理小试装置，考察小试过程中可能出现的问题；优化复合电极材料制备工艺，最终提高复合电极材料催化活性、稳定性和耐久性。通过本项目的研究，可为制备经济、高效、耐久的Pt@M核壳结构双金属电极材料提供理论依据和技术支撑。

水体硝酸盐类污染物的高效处理仍然是我国水污染控制领域亟待解决的问题。本研究制备了低载量Pt@Fe核壳结构双金属复合电极材料，具体分析复合电极材料内核Fe的形状结构与Pt壳层性质间的联系规律，实现Pt壳层的低载量可控制备，通过研究内核材料Fe对NO3-和NO2-的电催化还原性能，以及核壳结构复合材料的形状结构对其催化作用的影响规律，阐明所制备的低载量Pt@Fe核壳结构双金属复合电极材料对硝酸盐类污染物的电催化还原机理。同时，在核壳结构可控制备基础上，制备rGO负载的Cu, Pd, Pt, Rh四类纳米金属复合电极材料，具体解析不同内核材料对NO3-和NO2-的电催化还原性能，利用XPS结合电化学FTACV技术，重点研究Rh-rGO对NO3-和NO2-的电催化还原机理，发现活性位点是金属态的Rh0，且产生中间产物NO*吸附在Rh0上，而Rh金属氧化物没有参与到电催化过程中,为进一步研制高性能复合电极材料提供理论依据和技术支撑。