微乳液体系相组分的新型测定方法及其在多种微乳液体系中的应用研究

Microemulsion technology is widely used in material preparation and material separation by extraction.Microemulsions are complex systems with multi-phases and multi-components. It is of importance to determine the various components in each phase and in the interfacial layer, in the study of the phase equilibria, thermodynamic properties and the solubilization mechanism of microemulsions. However, a determination method for such complex microemulsion systems is lacking at present. According to the multi-phase equilibrium principle and based on the past work,we propose a novel method for the determination of the components of microemulsion systems- the dilution method of optimum middle phase microemulsions. This method was based on the observation of the phase changes of microemulsions when it was diluted with water and oil, respectively. The method can be used to determine the solubility of surfactant and cosurfactant in organic and water phases, respectively, and the composition of the interfacial layer in microemulsion systems, with simple, fast and environmentally friendly features. The accuracy and applicability of the dilution method were confirmed by a few studies, including the synthesis of the Gemini surfactants, the dilution experiment and the construction of ε-β fishlike diagrams, the selection of hydrophilic and lipophilic linkers, instrument determination and thermodynamic calculations.

微乳液技术广泛应用于材料制备、萃取分离等领域。微乳液属于多相、多组分的复杂体系，实现对微乳液各相和界面层中各组分的测定，对于研究微乳液各相平衡、微乳液体系热力学性质以及微乳液增溶机理有重要意义。然而目前尚缺乏对于这种复杂的微乳液体系相组分的测定方法。本项目基于前期的工作基础，根据多相平衡原理，利用分别用水和油稀释时，微乳液相态的变化特征，建立一种新型的微乳液体系相组分的测定方法-最佳中相微乳液稀释测定法。该方法可用于测定微乳液体系中表面活性剂和助表面活性剂在水相和油相中的溶解度、界面层组成等，具有简单、快速和环保的特点。另外，项目运用最佳中相微乳液稀释测定法，通过合成Gemini型等表面活性剂、构筑ε-β "鱼状"相图、筛选水油相联接剂、仪器测定及热力学计算等，研究Gemini型、离子液体型及传统表面活性剂等分别构成的微乳液体系，并验证方法的准确性和适用性等。

本项目根据多相平衡原理等，利用分别用水和油稀释时，微乳液相态的变化特征，建立了一种新型的微乳液体系相组分的测定方法-最佳中相微乳液稀释测定法。利用该方法测定了微乳液体系中表面活性剂和助表面活性剂在水相和油相中的溶解度、界面层组成等，具有简单、快速和环保的特点。项目合成了一系列(Cn-4-Cn)Br2 等Gemini咪唑型表面活性剂、运用最佳中相微乳液稀释测定法，构筑了ε-β “鱼状”相图等，研究了Gemini型、离子液体型及传统表面活性剂等分别构成的微乳液体系的相行为等，验证了方法的准确性和适用性等。. 如采用最佳中相微乳液稀释法研究了咪唑型表面活性剂1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴化物（C12mimBr, C14mimBr, and C16mimBr）/短链醇（丁醇、丙二醇）/油/水体系的相行为。 据组成四面体相图, 推导了两个稀释方程。分别计算了乙醇在油相和水相中的溶解度。得到了表面活性剂和醇构成的界面层的组成（以界面层中醇的质量分数为代表），以及微乳相的最大增溶能力。丙二醇在水相和油相中的溶解度均大于丁醇。丁醇微乳液体系的增溶能力大于丙二醇微乳液体系。最佳微乳稀释法尤其适用于含短链醇的微乳体系。. 微乳液技术广泛应用于材料制备、萃取分离等领域。微乳液属于多相、多组分的复杂体系，该项目建立了对微乳液各相和界面层中各组分的测定方法，对于研究微乳液各相平衡、微乳液体系热力学性质以及微乳液增溶机理有重要意义。