建筑用改性环氧树脂-乳化沥青-水泥复合材料的可控制备方法与性能研究

This subject puts forward a suggestion of Epoxy-Emulsified Asphalt-Cement (EAC) composite materials design method of controllable preparation. Introduce the hydroxyl, ether groups to curing agent molecules, mixing and stirring with epoxy resin to emulsify the modified epoxy resin. The cement particles adsorbed emulsified asphalt to form the structure asphalt and chemical bonding with the modified epoxy resin, play a connecting role of media which wrapped in asphalt and epoxy resin. Control the type, particle size and blending proportion of cement, emulsified asphalt and water-based epoxy resin, to form the asphalt and epoxy interpenetrating network structure which connect with cement when the paste harden. The asphalt is the continuous phase of the structure, make the material with flexibility, and consistent deformation ability with the steel plate; epoxy resin is the modify phase and forming network structure insert with asphalt; cement as the connection medium improve the material homogeneity and water stability, overcome the epoxy resin (polar) and asphalt (nonpolar) compatibility sent to the problem of layered segregation, and could mix and pouring construction under normal temperature. Improve the problem of rapid curing speed and short time of operation in epoxy asphalt high temperature construction. Explore reparation of the composite material and structural characterization of its performance; EAC mortar hardening mechanism and interface characteristics was systematically researched; Expecting new EAC composite material prepared with good performance. The aim of this subject is to provide theoretical and technical support for building with the preparation of new composite material and structural design of the development, contribute for developing of composite material in the construction realm.

本课题寻找改性环氧树脂-乳化沥青-水泥复合材料的可控设计制备方法：在固化剂中引入醚基、羟基，与环氧树脂混合搅拌制备改性环氧树脂。水泥颗粒既吸附乳化沥青形成结构沥青，又与改性环氧树脂发生化学键合，被沥青与环氧树脂包裹，起连接介质作用，使之固化后形成以水泥为连接介质的沥青与环氧树脂互穿网络结构。水泥作为连接介质提高了材料的质性及水稳定性能，克服了环氧树脂（极性）与沥青（非极性）相容性差而分层离析的问题，并能够常温下拌合、浇注施工，改善了环氧沥青需要高温拌合碾压施工，固化速度快，施工可操作时间短的问题。探索改性环氧树脂-乳化沥青-水泥复合材料的制备方法，对其性能及结构进行表征；系统研究改性环氧树脂-乳化沥青-水泥复合材料固化机理及界面特性；期待所制备的新型复合材料具有良好的性能。目标是为建筑用新型复合材料的制备及其结构设计的研发提供理论和技术支持，为发展我国复合材料在建筑领域的应用做出贡献。

本课题寻找改性环氧树脂-乳化沥青-水泥复合材料的可控设计制备方法：在固化剂中引入醚基、羟基，与环氧树脂混合搅拌制备改性环氧树脂。水泥颗粒既吸附乳化沥青形成结构沥青，又与改性环氧树脂发生化学键合，被沥青与环氧树脂包裹，起连接介质作用，使之固化后形成以水泥为连接介质的沥青与环氧树脂互穿网络结构。水泥作为连接介质提高了材料的质性及水稳定性能，克服了环氧树脂（极性）与沥青（非极性）相容性差而分层离析的问题，并能够常温下拌合、浇注施工，改善了环氧沥青需要高温拌合碾压施工，固化速度快，施工可操作时间短的问题。实验结果表明，EAC 复合材料固化后形成了水泥一沥青、水泥一环氧树脂、沥青一环氧树脂三个界面。水泥一沥青、沥青一环氧树脂界面间均未发生化学反应，其界面粘结主要靠物理吸附和机械啮合作用；水泥一环氧树脂界面间粘结主要依靠水性环氧树脂中的酯基水解产生羧基与水泥水化产物Ca2+发生化学键合，以及环氧树脂含有大量极性基团强吸附于水泥颗粒表面；EAC 复合材料与集料的界面结构致密，水泥颗粒体积含量低，其界面组成主要为沥青和环氧树脂，未水化水泥颗粒和水化产物被环氧树脂和结构沥青裹覆，与集料相隔离。本研究采用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究沥青-环氧树脂复合材料(EA)的固化反应动力学。分别采用n级反应模型和自催化反应模型对其固化反应动力学参数进行求解，并得到固化反应动力学方程，通过T~β外推法确定EA的固化工艺和最佳固化温度。分析结果表明：自催化反应模型在5~25 K/min升温范围内更适合描述EA体系的反应动力学；该体系的最佳固化条件应为：在130oC固化两个小时，在160oC固化3个小时。在该工艺下制备的沥青-环氧树脂复合材料的固化度可以达到98.21％，说明固化反应基本完成，充分验证了固化工艺的合理性。通过研究改性环氧树脂、乳化沥青、水泥共存作用下对环氧固化、沥青胶结、水泥水化进程的影响规律，特别是在三者共存条件下水泥水化产物的影响。探明了EAC 复合材料的固化机理。