基于水循环过程能量分析的水生态经济效应辨识及其能值评估研究

Scientific identification and comprehensive evaluation of water ecological economic effects are the important requirement for measuring the water ecological civilization construction effects. For the mechanism and unified quantization of water ecological economic effects, taking the water cycle process as energy flow and transformation process, the relationship and manifestation between water and other energy in each link of the whole water cycle is analyzed based on integration of water cycle, ecology economy, energy flow and emergy principles. The transformation equation of energy chain in the whole water cycle process is established, and the transformation mechanism of water and other energy in each link of water cycle is revealed. Then, the corresponding relationship between energy flow conversion and effect flow generation in different water departments and different links is constructed based on the three-stage analysis method of "effect flow input - effect flow materialization - effect flow realization", and the formation mechanism of water ecological economic effect is described, the generation mechanism and source of water ecological economic effects are identified. Finally, the emergy conversion law between the energy conversion and effect formation is described based on emergy analysis, and the response relationship between emergy index of water ecological economic effects and characteristic factors of economic, social and ecological environmental is quantified, and the unified emergy evaluation method of different types of ecological economic effects is proposed. Research results not only enrich the theoretical funding and research approach on water ecological economic effects, but also provide a new quantitative analysis method for effectiveness evaluation of the water ecological civilization construction.

科学辨识与全面评估水生态经济效应是衡量水生态文明建设效果的重要需求。针对水生态经济效应产生机理和统一量化问题，将水在水资源生态经济系统中的水循环过程视为能量流动和转化过程，结合水循环与生态经济学的能量分析及能值原理，剖析水循环全过程各环节中水及其伴随的能量转化关系及表现形式，建立水循环全过程能量链的转化关系方程，揭示水循环各环节水与其它能量的转化机制；采用“效应流投入-效应流物化-效应流实现”三阶段分析方法，刻画不同环节不同用水部门能量投入转化与水生态经济效应产生的相互作用关系，构建水循环过程中水生态经济效应的形成机理，辨识水生态经济效应来源及其构成；采用能值分析原理，刻画能量转化与效应产生过程的能值转换规律，量化水生态经济效应能值指标与经济、社会、生态环境特征因素的响应关系，提出不同类型水生态经济效应的能值统一评估方法。研究成果为科学评估水生态经济效应以及水生态文明建设效果提供科学依据。

如何在满足水生态文明建设需求及最严格水资源管理制度的要求下，全面评估水的生态经济效应，有效增强水生态经济服务功能，是目前水生态文明建设实践中面临的关键问题。要实现水生态建设效果及其效应的科学评估，必须将水资源生态系统与社会经济系统统一起来，对水在天然状态、开发利用状态以及治理回用状态等多个环节对应的生态、经济、社会和环境起到的正负效应进行全面评估。因此，本研究结合“降雨-蒸散发-下渗-径流-取水-输水-用耗水-排水-纳污”全过程及其循环机理，充分考虑水在水循环不同环节不同用水部门中与其它能流相互作用机制的不同，结合能量分析手段，开展了水的生态经济效应辨识及量化方法研究，主要工作和成果如下：.（1）针对水资源生态经济系统中不同用水部门的全过程用水，从降雨环节、取水环节、输水环节、用耗水环节、排水环节及纳污环节入手，构建了不同用水部门的水循环过程各环节能量转化机制。.（2）实现了水循环各环节能量转换机制的量化，辨识了不同部门不同环节用水所产生的经济、社会和生态环境效应类型，建立了基于能量分析的水生态经济效应构成体系。.（3）提出了各环节关键要素的能值表现形式及量化途径，构建了水生态经济效应能值转换与量化评估方法，实现了基于能量分析的水生态经济效应的统一度量。.（4）以郑州市为典型区域，对其2009~2018年的农业用水、工业用水、生活用水及生态环境用水全过程中产生的水生态经济效应进行量化，验证方法的可行性及有效性。