海底隧道施工和运营灾害发生机理、预报预警与安全控制理论及技术

Our country has already become a major nation for the construction of undersea tunnels and there is a batch of world-class undersea tunnel projects under construction and planning. However, problems such as water inrush, rock instability and collapse during construction period, as well as structural cracking, corrosion expansion and water seepage during operation period, pose a significant threat to the tunnel safety. The reasons are that the mechanism of disaster occurrence and structural degradation is extremely complicated and there is a lack of scientific and practical safety control theory and technology. This project will reveal the disaster mechanism and patterns of disastrous structures under complex ocean conditions, clarify the formation mechanism of structural diseases and performance degradation mechanism in complex tunnel service environment, and form the theoretical basis for the safety control of subsea tunnel. We will also solve the major problems of the fine detection of abnormal structures and seepage channels in undersea tunnels. A multi-field information wide-field sensing method and disastrous evolution state identification theory are put forward to establish a dynamic control method of disaster gestation and evolution. Oriented by the fine identification of tunnel structure diseases and the intelligent sensing of multivariate characteristic parameters, a fusion diagnosis method and key techniques of control system for the structural safety state of undersea tunnels during operation time will be constructed. Finally, basic theories and key technologies of disaster forecast, early warning and safety control for the construction and operation of undersea tunnels will be formed, which will fill the blank both home and abroad and provide safeguard and core support for the safety, efficient construction and operation of China's subsea tunnel.

我国已是海底隧道建设大国，在建和规划一批世界级的海底隧道工程。然而，施工期突涌水、岩层失稳坍塌等灾害以及运营期结构开裂、锈胀、渗漏水等问题对海底隧道安全构成了重大威胁。其原因在于灾害发生与结构劣化机理极为复杂，缺乏科学实用的安全控制理论与技术。对此，本项目深入揭示复杂海洋条件下致灾构造孕灾模式与灾变机理，阐明复杂服役环境下结构病害形成与性能劣化机制，形成海底隧道安全控制的理论基础。破解海底隧道致灾构造与渗流通道精细探测的重大难题，提出多场信息广域感知方法与灾害演化状态辨识理论，进而建立灾害孕育演化过程动态调控方法。以运营期隧道结构病害精细识别与多元特征参量智能传感为导向，构建运营期海底隧道结构安全状态融合诊断方法与主动控制关键技术，最终形成海底隧道施工和运营灾害预报预警与安全控制的基础理论和关键技术，填补国内外空白，为保障我国海底隧道安全、高效建设和运行提供核心支撑。

我国已是海底隧道建设大国，在建和规划一批世界级的海底隧道工程。然而，施工期突涌水、岩层失稳坍塌等灾害以及运营期结构开裂、锈胀、渗漏水等问题对海底隧道安全构成了重大威胁。其原因在于灾害发生与结构劣化机理极为复杂，缺乏科学实用的安全控制理论与技术。对此，本项目揭示了复杂海洋条件下海底隧道致灾构造的孕灾模式、灾变机理与演化特征，分析了海底隧道不良地质和致灾构造的地质成因，研发了充填介质失稳突水三维试验装置，揭示了渗透破坏突涌水灾变演化机制及优势通道形成过程，形成了渗透破坏突涌水耦合分析模型及模拟计算方法。同时，本项目深入研究了海底隧道施工重大灾害预报预警理论，揭示了“海水-海床-隧道”复合空间体系地球物理响应特征，研究了阵列式多场源瞬变电磁法与跨孔雷达两种新型超前预报方法，构建了多元预报方法融合反演理论，研发了隧道重大灾害实时监测与综合预警方法，形成了海底隧道重大灾害过程化动态调控理论。在此基础上，本项目针对复杂服役环境下海底隧道结构性能演化机理与运营安全状态融合感控难题，揭示了复杂服役环境下海底隧道缺陷病害形成机制与致灾机理，研发了隐蔽缺陷感知和精细成像的智能爬墙检测雷达，构建了海量多源异构信息隧道结构感知系统，重点研究了海底隧道复杂环境注浆材料研发和不良地质协调变形韧性支护技术，形成了隧道结构服役安全状态融合诊断与安全控制成套方法。目前获国际隧协技术创新奖1项，国家技术发明奖1项，省部级科技奖励3项，已发表高水平论文43篇（SCI收录37篇，EI收录6篇），申请授权国际发明专利3项、授权中国发明专利24项，授权软件著作权7项，国家优秀青年科学基金资助者1名，教育部“长江学者奖励计划”青年学者1名，中组部万人计划青年拔尖人才计划1名，中国科协青年人才托举工程5名，博士后9名，博士研究生25名，硕士研究生42名。