深远海AUV重力/重力梯度测量与探测关键技术研究

The 21st is the cuentury of the ocean, our country has put forward the strategic deployment of the ocean power at the right time, and has carried out large-scale marine exploit and research work in the deep sea. The information of gravity and graivty gradient can be saie to be the key to open the door of the mysterious ocean word, has received unpercedented attention. But the models of the aeronautical gravity, spaceflight gravity and shipborne gravimetric can not get the dircetly information of the deep sea, and the efficiency is too low by the model of float case to survey the earth’s gravity. We put forward the idea of put the gravimeter or gravity gradiometer on the AUV to survery the gravity. And we will solve the pivotal scientific problems as follows, designing the platform of AUV, kinematic analysis of the AUV to carry the gravimeter or gravity gradiometer, improving the gravimeter to make it can be use in the deep sea, positioning and velocity with high precision of the AUV and measurmenting the vertical acceleration under the deep sea, processing the data of dynamic gravity measurment by the strapdown gravimeter, detecting the military objective or mineral resources by the gravity gradient data, and so on. We also design to carry out the test of the gravimeter in laboratory, on the surface of the lake, which we also have. The purpose of the project is to break through the key technology for surveying the earth’s gravity under the deep sea, then we will establish foundation for the resource development or military application in the field of deep sea.

21世纪是海洋的世纪，我国适时地提出了海洋强国的战略部署，开展了大规模的海洋开发与研究工作，重力/重力梯度信息可以说是打开神秘海洋世界的钥匙，受到全所未有的重视，但是当前航空航天重力或船测的方式不能准确反映深海的真实信息，而传统沉箱式的测量作业效率又太低，为此项目提出了利用AUV平台搭载重力/重力梯度仪器开展动态深海测量与探测的思路。并着力于解决以下关键技术问题：AUV平台技术参数分析，用于搭载重力/重力梯度仪的AUV平台的运动参数分析，重力仪的水下适应性改进研究，捷联式水下动态重力测量数据处理技术，重力梯度测量对深海军事目标的探测与侦察、对地下矿产资源勘探的数据处理方法等，并筹划利用承研单位的技术设备开展相关检验性试验。项目研究旨在为深远海的资源开发、为获取透明海战场环境的军事应用需求提供新的技术途径，并通过项目研究解决关键技术问题，为工程化应用奠定基础。

本项目研究提出了利用AUV平台搭载重力/重力梯度仪器开展动态深海测量与探测的思路。并着力于攻克解决了项目预定的关键技术问题，包括AUV平台技术参数分析，主要研究了AUV推进器布局、搭载设备的布置，以及重力浮心位置的布局对重力/重力梯度测量的影响；用于搭载重力/重力梯度仪的AUV平台的运动参数分析，重点开展了重力仪的水下适应性改进研究，捷联式水下动态重力测量数据处理技术；在此基础上分析了重力梯度测量对深海军事目标的探测与侦察、对地下矿产资源勘探的数据处理方法等，以及后续拓展相关研究的计划；立足于项目组自研的AUV平台开展了湖上试验验证分析，限于新冠疫情、项目经费等方面原因，本次研究过程未能实现海上试验的目标。通过本项目的研究可以为深远海的资源开发、为获取透明海战场环境的军事应用需求提供新的技术途径，并通过项目研究解决了相关的关键技术问题，为工程化应用奠定了基础。