新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区苔藓植物区系分类学研究

There are Tibet Qiangtang, Altun Mountains, Qinghai kokqil(Kekexili) three National Nature Reserves in Xinjiang-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Altun Mountain Nature Reserve is the plateau desert that is protected based on ecosystem in our country. It is located in Ruoqiang County and Qiemo County in Xinjiang. The location is E 87 10'-91 18 ', N 36 00'-37 49', an area of 45,000 km2, with an average altitude of 4,500 m. Related to typical continental plateau climate, the studies of plateau desert focused on north-western Tibetan Plateau alpine or mountain desert, semi-desert areas. Heavy water, karst landforms and unique, resounding terrain, traffic inconvenience, lead to few people can reach there . Altun Mountains in Xinjiang has a typical cold, drought, strong radiation characteristics of the continental plateau climate. it remains unique vegetation type in most parts of the plateau, bryoflora composition is unique, and there are a large number of species only survived in this region of China. This region is reported as "It is a very previous biogengraphic region which has the typical plateau species gene pool." by IUCN (World Natural and Natural Resources Conservation Union) and WWF (World Wildlife Fund). Altun Mountain Nature Reserve, established in 1983, that year, he incurs for inclusion in the directory of the "Encyclopedia Britannica", and fill the blank of the plateau ecosystem Nature Reserve. It become the part of the priority protection of the "China Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan". Russia Przevalsk with other central Asia scholars explored the region in 1888. The foreign researcherd assumed there are no more than 50 species of plants in this region. The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition plant Group of Altun reserves explored this area once again for scientific research and specimen collection in July 2011. A detailed examination of the area's vegetation and geographical environment was preformed, the local ecosystem is in good balance. List of seed plants in Altun reserve was established by organizing previous literatures and relevant data. The proposer, participated in the Comprehensive Scientific Expedition of the the Altun Reserve, has collected 450 specimens from different habitats, and consider it is worth to research the conservation and utilization of bryophyte biodiversity in the Northwest Plateau of China. The 450 bryophyte specimens are ongoing sorting and identification. Taxonomic studies of bryophytes want to reveal the composition and geographical distribution of bryoflora in Altun Mountain Nature Reserve bases on field investigation, classification and floristic geography of the bryophytes biodiversity. The project is very helpful to comprehend the bryophyte biodiversity of China,even the Asia. It has important theoretical significance and scientific value on bryophyte researches.

新青藏高原有三个国家级自然保护区，阿尔金山国家级自然保护区位于新疆东南的若羌县及且末县部分地域，与青海可可西里、西藏羌塘交界。位于东径87 10′-91 18′，北纬36 00′-37 49′，面积45000平方公里，平均海拔为4500米。阿尔金山保护区是"世界上少有的生物地理省之一，是不可多得的高原物种基因库"，地势高亢、交通不便、人迹罕至，是我国高山无人区域，高寒缺氧的自然条件，具有典型的寒冷、干旱、强辐射的大陆性高原气候特点，该区苔藓植物区系组成十分独特，生存有我国仅此分布的珍稀物种，在我国苔藓植物多样性与保护利用中具有重要价值。对阿尔金山苔藓植物进行区系分类学研究，主要是从野外考察、区系分类对其苔藓植物生物多样性进行探讨，揭示区内苔藓植物区系组成和地理分布的特点和规律。该项目对于全面认识亚洲苔藓植物生物多样性关键地位-阿尔金山无人区的植物区系、多样性特征具有重要的理论意义和科学价值

阿尔金山自然保护区，位于新疆南部，与青海、西藏交界地势高亢、交通不便、人迹罕至，是我国高山无人区域之一，独特的地理位置和高寒缺氧的自然条件，使保护区内蕴藏着种类繁多的的特有珍稀野生动、植物，世界自然与自然资源保护联盟和世界野生生物基金会联合考察后，在报告序言称，该保护区是“世界上少有的生物地理省之一，是不可多得的高原物种基因库”。该地区的地理位置和自然条件，决定了该地区苔藓植物类群的高原耐寒等特点，在该地区植被建成中有着不可替代的作用，在中国苔藓植物区系分类研究和相关学科研究中占有特殊的地位，一直受到苔藓学者的高度关注和重视。探讨亚欧大陆腹地高寒环境中的苔藓植物的种类组成和分布规律，无疑会为中国苔藓植物的区系分布提供第一手资料。2015至 2018年间，项目主持人先后六次前往该保护区的23个样点，共采集3840余份苔藓标本。本项目确定新疆阿尔金山苔藓植物共15科、41属和129种（含6个变种）。发现1个新种(阿尔金大帽藓)，发现中国新记录种10种，新疆新记录纲1个，新疆新记录科2 个，新疆新记录种18种。建立了新疆苔藓植物物种多样性基因库—苔藓植物标本馆。保护区苔藓植物含5种或5种以上的科共有6个，共包含该地区苔藓植物31属113种，占总科数的40%，占总属数的75.61 %，占总种数的 87.60 %；这些优势科依次是丛藓科、真藓科、紫萼藓科、柳叶藓科、大帽藓科和牛毛藓科。阿尔金山苔藓植物共有41个属，其中含等于或大于4种的优势属有6属，占总属数的14.63 %，它们分别为真藓属、对齿藓属、紫萼藓属、大帽藓属、墙藓属和赤藓属，6个优势属所包含的种数共有73种，占该区总种数的56.59 %；6个优势科和6个优势属都是典型的温带分布类型，适应于干旱半干旱气候条件。新疆阿尔金山保护区区系成分包括10种类型，其中以北温带成分占主导地位，占总种数的 58.82%。其次是东亚-北美成分，占总种数的8.82%，东亚成分和中国特有成分各比例为7.84%。为探讨该保护区环境条件与真藓属植物多样性的关系，我们通过扫描电子显微镜观察了采自该地区18种真藓属植物的成熟孢蒴，研究发现，真藓属在阿尔金山较为丰富的物种多样性，可能与该类群植物适于干燥环境中孢子散布和传播的蒴齿结构和孢子特征有密切关系。