基于长距离参考站网的GPS/BDS高精度实时动态定位算法研究

The influence of observation errors in satellite positioning can be removed by the regional reference station network, and then the precision of real-time dynamic positioning is advanced. The algorithm of GPS/BDS real-time dynamic high-precision positioning using long range reference station network in which the ranges between stations are from 100km to 200km is researched in this project. The real-time resolution of GPS/BDS double difference integer ambiguities in long range reference station network at single epoch is researched, and the problem of BDS.double difference integer ambiguities real-time resolution in long range reference station network at single epoch is settled emphatically. The real-time rapidly calculating un-difference ambiguities by double difference integer ambiguities at single epoch of the reference station network is realized. The high-precision regional correction model of un-difference errors in the long range reference station network is established, and the un-differnce observation errors of GPS/BDS on users can be removed accurately. The real-time integer ambiguity resolution of single system or double systems of GPS/BDS can be achieved by constraint relations of the ionosphere delay error, and the unifying datum of double systems is accomplished. Then the GPS/BDS amgiguity resolution of difference between satellites with different frequencies is finished. The GPS/BDS real-time dynamic high-precision positioning of single system or double systems using long range reference station network can be realized in this project, and the development of high-precision positioning of BDS is promoted, which both have important scientific significances and research values.

利用区域参考站网可消除或削弱卫星定位的观测误差影响，提高实时动态定位的精度。本项目研究基于长距离参考站网（参考站间距100-200km）的GPS/BDS高精度实时动态定位算法。研究长距离参考站网GPS/BDS双差整周模糊度的实时单历元解算，重点突破长距离参考站网BDS双差整周模糊度的实时单历元解算问题；实现参考站网双差整周模糊度到非差模糊度的实时单历元快速计算；建立长距离参考站网覆盖区域内的高精度非差误差改正模型，进行用户GPS/BDS非差观测误差的高精度改正；利用电离层延迟误差的约束关系，进行用户GPS/BDS单系统、双系统整周模糊度的实时动态解算，并完成双系统的基准统一，实现GPS/BDS星间混频差分模糊度的解算。项目研究的算法能够利用长距离参考站网实现GPS/BDS单系统、双系统融合的高精度实时动态定位，促进BDS高精度定位技术的发展，具有重要的科学意义和研究价值。

BDS/GPS是获取位置信息和时间信息的重要工具，但由于受各种观测误差的影响，不能满足高精度定位的应用需求。基于区域参考站网的高精度实时动态定位方法是目前提高BDS/GPS定位精度、实现高精度实时动态定位服务的重要手段。本项目系统地研究了基于长距离参考站网的BDS/GPS实时动态高精度定位算法。提出了BDS中距离参考站网载波相位整周模糊度单历元解算方法、BDS参考站网三频整周模糊度确定方法，可在单历元或数个历元内准确确定三频整周模糊度。提出了GPS参考站网双频载波相位整周模糊度确定方法，并实现了BDS、GPS和BDS/GPS参考站网载波相位整周模糊度的确定，可在数个历元内确定宽巷整周模糊度，进一步确定B1和L1双差整周模糊度。实现了长距离GPS参考站网低高度角卫星整周模糊度的准确解算，可为用户提供更多卫星的改正信息，增加用户站的可用卫星个数和几何构型强度。研究了参考站网非差整周模糊度单历元快速计算方法，实现了参考站网非差整周模糊度的单历元快速计算。实现了用户站BDS/GPS区域非差观测误差改正，建立了参考站网覆盖范围内高精度BDS/GPS非差观测误差改正模型，克服了传统双差模型带来的测站和卫星间的相关性。提出了用户站BDS/GPS多频非组合整周模糊度解算方法，避免了观测值间线性组合放大噪声和逐级模糊度固定的计算冗余问题，采用BDS/GPS宽巷混频、B1/L1混频、B2/L2混频星间差分模糊度解算方法，提高了数据的冗余度。实现了BDS/GPS单系统、双系统融合的高精度定位，用户站的定位精度达到厘米级，并开发了一套基于长距离参考站网的GPS/BDS高精度实时动态定位数据处理软件。项目的研究成果能够基于CORS系统开展技术服务，满足高精度动态定位、位置信息数据的采集等需求。拓宽了BDS/GPS的应用领域以及适应更多的观测环境，促进BDS高精度定位技术的发展以及相关科技人才的培养，具有重要的科学研究意义和实用价值。