西藏甘蔗野生种质资源补充考察采集及鉴定

Germplasm resource is the base of sugarcane breeding. The southeast counties of Tibet such as Chayu, Motuo and Cuona, are lies in the frontier of China and India，where is belong to the Saccharum Complex distribution center. These counties have abundant germplasm and they are the virgin areas of sugarcane germplasm collection.Based on the past investigation and collection of sugarcane germplasm in Tibet, to obtain more valuable germplasm，enrich the gene bank for sugarcane breeding and reveal the distribution of Saccharum Complex in Tibet，this study is aimed at deep in investigation and collection sugarcane germplasm in southeast part of Tibet by the chence of the about to open to traffic of Motuo highway. The identifications of sugarcane germplasm resource including cytology, morphology, DNA finger print, resistance ability, agricultural and industrial characters will be undertaken to explore the relationship between different genus of Saccharum Complex. The result of this study will provide more useful information for the classification, origination and evolution of Saccharum Complex.

种质资源是甘蔗育种的基础，西藏东南部的察隅、墨脱及西巴霞-库尔,位于中印边境地区，属于甘蔗复合群 (Saccharum Complex)分布中心的区域范围，蕴藏着丰富的甘蔗种质资源，受地质和交通条件限制，是尚未开拓的处女地。本研究在前期对西藏甘蔗野生资源考察采集的基础上，以2012年我国最后一条通县公路- - 墨脱公路即将贯通为契机，深入西藏东南部考察采集，以获得更多有利用价值的甘蔗种质资源，丰富育种基因库；探明西藏甘蔗野生资源的种类和分布；对采集的甘蔗资源集中保育，并进行细胞学、形态学、分子指纹、抗性、农艺工艺性状等方面的研究，探讨甘蔗复合群有关属种之间的联系，为其分类、起源与演化的研究提供更为丰富的依据和材料。

项目实施期间两次到西藏东南部和西南部的低热河谷区进行甘蔗野生资源的考察和采集，共采集到甘蔗野生资源74份，其中割手密32份，斑茅21份、蔗茅20份、滇蔗茅1份。经保鲜运输后将采集资源集中保育在云南农业大学甘蔗资源圃（昆明），充实了甘蔗资源圃保存数量和来源地，丰富了育种基因库，可有效防止野生资源流失；对集中保育的种质资源进行根尖细胞染色体计数：割手密染色体数目有2n=40、54和64三种类型，其中2n=40的割手密采自于尼泊尔与西藏聂拉木县接壤的边境线，是我国目前收集保育的割手密中染色体数目最少的类型，系首次报道；蔗茅只有一种类型2n=20；斑茅只有一种类型2n=40。.对集中保育着的甘蔗野生资源还进行了核型分析，农艺工艺性状研究：生育期、株高、茎径、锤度的观察和测定，抗旱性、耐寒性和抗病性评价，基于SSR分子标记的遗传多样性研究。