基于二维曲面复合材料的水声换能器研制

High-frequency transducers that combine wide-band and large beam opening angle characteristics are key functional components of submarines, underwater vehicles, and torpedoes. Exploring the wider frequency band and larger beam opening angle is the key to continuously improve the detection distance and detection range of the equipment. Current high-frequency transducers are mostly made of piezoelectric composite planar and one-dimensional curved arrays. Although their bandwidth is significantly larger than that of the traditional piezoelectric ceramics, the vertical beams are limited, which limits the vertical detection range of the sonar. In this project, the design of two-dimensional (horizontal and vertical) curved surface sensing elements that imitate the eyeball is proposed to overcome the limitations of the limited vertical detection range and the further expansion of the bandwidth. Breakthrough the limitation of one-dimensional composite surface forming, develop a new process of cutting ceramics step by step -pouring layered multi-polymers - molding and compressing two-dimensional curved surface multi-phase composite materials. At the same time, the conformal acoustic matching layer was coated on the hyperboloid composite material and non-iso-thickness design was adopted. The development of conformal infusion matching layer forming sensors and other technologies not only allows the transducer to achieve horizontal and vertical bidirectional beam opening angles, but also significantly expands the bandwidth of the transducers. This project is expected to expand the detection range and detection distance of sonar at the same time. Moreover, it also could improve the performance of sonar from the root, which is of great significance to the upgrading of many kinds of underwater exploration sonar.

兼有宽频带和大波束开角特性的高频换能器是潜艇、水下航行器、鱼雷等装备的关键部件。探求更宽频带及更大波束开角是不断提高装备的探测距离和探测范围的关键。当前的高频换能器多采用压电复合材料平面和一维曲面阵列制作，虽然其带宽较传统的压电陶瓷显著扩展，但垂直波束受限，进而限制了声纳的纵向探测范围。本项目针对纵向探测范围受限、带宽需进一步拓展等问题，提出仿眼球二维（水平和垂直）曲面敏感元件的设计，突破复合材料一维曲面成型的局限，开发分步切割陶瓷-分层浇注各类聚合物-模压成型二维曲面的多相复合材料的制备工艺；同时提出在双曲面复合材料上被覆共形声匹配层，并采用非等厚设计，开发共形灌注匹配层成型敏感元件等技术，不仅可使换能器实现水平和垂直双向波束开角的扩展，同时还可大幅度拓展换能器的带宽。本项目有望同时扩展声呐的探测范围及探测距离，还可从源头全面提高声呐的性能，对多种水下探测声呐的更新换代具有重要意义。

项目创新性采用二维双曲面压电复合材料的设计，突破复合材料双曲面成型的关键技术，开发分步切割陶瓷-注填橡胶-压模弯曲-浇注树脂定型双曲面的复合材料制备工艺，制备双曲面敏感元件，以扩展换能器的波束开角（空间探测范围）；创新性采用匹配层被覆双曲面复合材料的表面，突破匹配层的材料配制、厚度设计、及其双曲面成型等关键技术，实现敏感元件的双谐振动，研制出双曲面和冠面2种宽带宽波束换能器，研究成果发表18篇期刊论文，其中SCI检索13篇 ，中文核心期刊2篇，申请国家发明专利3项，其中授权2项。