基于基因组学溯源技术对养殖环境携带泛耐药和毒素基因细菌气溶胶的传播模式研究

Microbe aerosols origined from animal houses could transmit to the surrounding environment of the farm by air exchanging, which caused biological contamination and led to public health problem. In the general condition, the swab samples of animal anus or cloaca were normally collected and meanwhile outside air samples of animal house were also sampled at downwind sites from 10 m to 1000 m to measure the content of eschericha coli and Enterococcus. The occurance, origin and transmission of aerosols were studied by REP-PCR in combination of PFGE to explore the transmission models of microbe aerosols in rearing environment.The tranmission mechenism of bacteria aerosols, the condition of antibiotics in farms and resistance spectrum was confirmed by monitoring the pan-resistance genes, NDM-1 genes and toxin genes from bacteria islated from different samples to further elucidate the pandemics of infectious diseases and the risk of the spread of the pan-resistance bacteria of super bacteria. The project will exclaim how the aerosols in farms pose threats to immediate communities.

起源于养殖场畜禽舍的微生物气溶胶能够通过舍内外的气体交换向牧场周边环境传播，能够导致生物污染和公共卫生问题。本研究是在一般生产条件下，分别在养鸡、猪、牛、兔场舍采集动物肛门或泄殖腔棉拭子、舍内、舍外不同距离（10 m - 1000 m）环境空气样品，对指示细菌大肠杆菌和肠球菌气溶胶的含量予以监测；运用细菌基因组学理论和技术,采用REP-PCR结合PFGE对不同来源的指示细菌气溶胶的发生、起源及传播予以鉴定，探索养殖环境微生物气溶胶的传播模式；通过对不同样品分离的指示细菌所携带的泛耐药基因及NDM-1基因和毒素基因的检/监测，揭示细菌气溶胶的传播机制、牧场使用抗生素状况及细菌耐药谱，阐明气源性传染病的流行过程，以及泛耐药菌或'超级细菌'的扩散及其给社区居民形成的危害风险。

养殖场畜禽舍的微生物气溶胶的泛耐药菌和携带毒素基因的细菌，能够通过舍内外的气体交换向牧场周边环境传播。本项目是在一般生产条件下，分别在养鸡、猪、牛、兔场舍采集动物肛门或泄殖腔棉拭子、舍内外不同距离（10 m - 1000 m）环境空气样品，应用细菌基因组学理论，采用其溯源技术，选用指示细菌大肠杆菌和肠球菌，对养殖环境中细菌气溶胶的发生、起源与传播予以跟踪，阐明了气源性细菌传染病的传播模式；通过对不同样品分离的指示细菌所携带的泛耐药基因和毒素基因的检测，揭示细菌气溶胶的传播机制、牧场使用抗生素状况及细菌耐药谱，明确了气源性传染病的流行过程，以及泛耐药菌或‘超级细菌’的扩散及其给社区居民形成的危害风险；并通过对养猪场中猪源产ESBL大肠杆菌的研究，证明土壤中的产ESBL大肠杆菌很可能来源于牧场动物粪便，并确认了饲料添加剂膨润土促进耐药基因水平转移的分子机制。