流域尺度水文物理模型实验研究及径流模拟

Hydrological responses of global change is focused in hydrology science currently and the critical step of research in this domain is how to eastablish a physically hydrological model which can consider the scale effect. To solve this problem, an approach has been put forward which directly establishes the physically hydrological model at the watershed scale based on the Representative Elementary Watershed (REW). However, the physical mechanism of the model was questioned because of the parameters which are undefined physically in the Constitutive Relations (CR) of infiltration, runoff and concentration. In this study, as the core subject, the CR between the infiltration, runoff & concentration and the meteorology, topograhy, soil & landform elements will be constructed by numerical experiment with large dataset at the watershed scale. And the CR will be tested by numerical experiments and field experiments. Then, this CR will be coupled in the existing hydrological model based on REW to establish a new physically hydrological model which can consider the scale transformation of infiltration, runoff and concentration. Finally, the new model will be examined by simulating hydrological processes in the middle reaches of Huaihe basin. The achievements of this research will be an important tool for hydrolgical processes modelling at the watershed scale. The quantitatively simulation capablity of this model will support effectively for simulating hydrological respones of global change.

全球变化的水文响应及其应对措施是当前水文科学面临的热点和难点，构造一个物理机制明确同时又考虑尺度效应的水文模型是该研究方向的关键。基于代表性单元流域的建模思路为该方向提供了很好的研究途径，然而现有模型推导的下渗、产流以及坡面汇流本构关系中存在无明确物理意义的参数，这使得模型的物理机制受到质疑。本研究就是瞄准下渗、产流以及坡面汇流三项水文循环的核心过程，采用大数据数值实验方法，直接在流域尺度下建立此三项核心过程与气象、地形、土壤、地貌要素的本构关系，并采取数值实验和野外实验相结合的方法对其进行测试检验；再将建立的本构关系耦合至现有模型，构建一个考虑核心模块尺度转换机制的水文物理模型；最后选定淮河中游地区进行水文过程模拟检验。研究成果将是流域尺度下水文物理过程模拟的重要工具，其定量数值模拟能力可以为全球变化环境下的水文响应模拟和预测提供可靠的技术支撑和实现手段。

全球变化的水文响应及其应对措施是当前水文科学面临的热点和难点，构造一个物理机制明确同时又考虑尺度效应的水文模型是该研究方向的关键。本研究直接在流域尺度下建立下渗、产流以及坡面汇流过程与气象、地形、土壤、地貌要素的本构关系，构建了一个考虑核心模块尺度转换机制的水文物理模型，并选定淮河中游地区进行水文过程模拟检验。研究成果是流域尺度下水文物理过程模拟的重要工具，其定量数值模拟能力可以为全球变化环境下的水文响应模拟和预测提供可靠的技术支撑和实现手段。