断层与采动相互作用下岩体响应演化规律及致灾机理

The fault cuts the strata and destroys their integrity and continuity. The response to engineering of rock mass near fault especially the larger fault, is much diverse to that of the the intact rock mass, which also causes water inrush, roof falling, rockburst, coal and gas outburst etc in mining engineering. Some studies will be carried through theoretical analysis, mechanical test, similar simulation, numerical simulation in this subject, as follows. Focus on the geological mechanics mechanism of fault formation and original rock stress distribution near fault zone, and establish the geomechanical model of fault formation and prediction model of original rock stress distribution near fault zone, respectively. Focus on the transmission mechanism, conditions and causes of fault to the mining stress, and the stress redistribution near fault zone. Focus on the deformation and failure characteristics of rock mass near the fault and aggregation release rule of the rock energy under the interactions of large fault and mining, investigate the mechanical mechanism of typical engineering geological disasters under the influence of mining near the fault, and establish the risk evaluation system of coal mining disaster near the large fault. Focus on the safe coal pillar size of typical disaster prevention under typical conditions, the time-space relationship of upper and footwall coal mining and the mechanism and method of using fault for disaster prevention. The above achievements have important scientific significance for Response evolution law and disaster-causing mechanism of rock mass under the coupling actions of fault and mining, which has broad application prospect in the mining and other geotechnical engineering.

断层切割地层而破坏其连续性及完整性，近断层尤其是近大断层岩体对工程响应与完整岩体差异巨大，并诱发突水、冒顶、冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出等工程灾害。本课题采用理论分析、力学试验、室内模拟、工业试验等方法，再现断层的形成过程，研究断层产生地质力学机制及区域原岩应力分布特征，构建典型断层产生的地质力学模型及断层区域构造应力预测模型；研究断层对采动应力传导作用机制、条件和原因，及断层附近应力再分布特征；研究采动应力与断层相互作用下断层附近岩层变形和破坏特征、岩层能量聚集释放规律，探讨断层附近采动影响下典型灾害发生的工程地质力学机制，建立大断层附近煤炭开采灾害发生危险评估体系；研究典型条件下典型灾害防治的安全煤岩柱尺寸及上下盘煤层开采时空关系、近断层区域煤炭开采时利用断层防治灾害发生的机制和方法。研究成果对认识近断层岩体采动响应演化规律及致灾机理具有重要科学意义，在采矿和其它岩土工程中具有广阔应用前景。

断层是开采煤层时常见的一种地质构造。受断层构造应力的影响，近断层煤炭资源开采极易造成冲击地压、冒顶、煤与瓦斯突出等矿山灾害，严重威胁矿井的安全高效生产。本项目采用理论分析、力学试验、相似模拟、数值模拟、现场试验以及工程反馈方法研究了断层与采动相互作用下岩体响应演化规律及致灾机理。研究了不同结构面倾角、结构面强度和围压条件下岩体的破坏特征、力学行为及结构面滑移效应。研制了煤系断层形成模拟实验系统RF-1、RF-2和RF-3，再现了不同产状和多尺度正、逆断层形成全过程。研究了逆断层形成过程中岩体变形特征和演化规律，揭示了逆断层形成过程中岩层运动破坏形态以及区域应力场的分布规律，分析了构造应力作用下岩体采动响应特征。研究了正断层形成后破碎带附近岩体变形与应力的分布特征，获得了正断层构造应力与采动应力相互作用下覆岩运动变形特征演化规律，揭示了正断层构造应力影响下上下盘开采对断层面滑移和其附近岩体位移及应力变化的机理。评估了断层发生滑移危险性程度，预测预报了冲击地压发生位置和力源，验证了断层与采动作用下岩层响应特征与演化规律。.在本项目执行过程中，在《Geomechanics and Engineering》、《采矿与安全工程学报》等国内外行业期刊上发表学术论文25篇，其中SCI、EI收录23篇；出版专著1部；授权专利15项，其中美国发明专利3项，国内发明专利9项；获得山东省科技进步一等奖1项、中国专利优秀奖1项、中国岩石力学与工程学会科技进步二等奖2项、中国煤炭工业科学技术奖二等奖2项；项目负责人获聘“长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授、中国煤炭学会首席科学传播专家，获中国青年科技奖、山东省泰山学者青年专家、山东省有突出贡献中青年专家、山东省高等学校教学名师、煤炭领域最美科技工作者等荣誉。.本课题研究将为煤系断层相关研究提供新的试验平台，为认识近断层岩体采动响应演化规律及致灾机理提供新的理论基础。研究成果对近断层煤炭资源安全回收及防护具有重要科学意义。