双频段电磁全息阻抗超表面天线的设计研究

The holographic impedance antenna is an important branch of the metasurfaces. Due to its huge advantage of the low-profile, low-cost and easy conformal, it has the great potential for application in the integrated design of the radar and communication systems. With the rapid development of information science, more and more designs of the new advance radar and communication systems need the dual-band antennas which can improve their system capabilities. So far there is not any research about the dual-band holographic impedance antenna both at home and abroad. And this opportunity will be taken by this project, firstly, the fast extraction of the surface impedance of the unit cell under the dual band should be developed using the transverse resonance method and the fast validation for the initial design of the unit cells should be done. Then the scheme of the electromagnetic isolation under the dual band should be developed that can make the unit cells of the metasurfaces to control the surface impedance in the dual band independently, also the scheme should be verified rapidly using the transverse resonance method and the data base of the unit cells should be established. Based on the information of the data base of the unit cells, the relationship formula of the sizes of the unit cells and their corresponding values of the surface impedance can be built under the dual band, and the holograms which are needed to generate the radiate functions will be created under the dual band. This project plan to design two new holographic impedance surface antennas, one is the single port antenna with the cross circular polarization under the dual band the other is the dual ports antenna with the wide angle frequency scanning. And the validity of the designs should be verified both in the full-wave simulations and the measurement respectively.

全息阻抗表面天线是新型人工电磁超表面的一个重要分支领域，因其具有低剖面、低成本且易共形等巨大优势，在雷达和通信系统的集成设计中有极大的应用潜力。随着信息科学的飞速发展，对于新型先进的雷达和通信系统，越来越多的采用双频率多功能天线的设计，用来提升其系统的能力。到目前为止，双频段全息阻抗表面天线的研究在国内外还是空白的。本项目以此为契机，首先开发利用横向谐振法在双频段快速提取单元表面阻抗值的计算方法并对初始设计单元做快速验证。开发出双频电磁隔离方案使得电磁超表面单元可以在双频段独立调控其表面阻抗值，并利用横向谐振法进行快速验证且建立单元数据库。根据单元数据库信息建立起双频下单元尺寸与其表面阻抗值的关系公式，从而生成所需辐射功能的双频下的全息图。本项目拟设计两款新型全息阻抗表面天线，其一是单端口双频点交叉圆极化天线，其二是双端口大角度频率扫描天线，分别要在全波仿真和实验中验证其设计的正确性。

随着现代社会逐渐步入信息化，相关学科领域如通信、国防、电子技术以及基础自然科学等获得了前所未有的发展机遇。正值当下，第五代移动网络通信（5G）和多功能用途雷达以及雷达通信一体机是信息领域的热门和研究焦点。新型人工电磁超表面领域正是在这样的大背景下诞生并得到飞速发展。而全息阻抗表面天线设计是新型人工电磁超表面的一个重要分支领域。.本项目的主要研究内容包括了：1.利用横向谐振法在双频段下对单元表面阻抗的提取；2.设计双频段独立可调表面阻抗的周期结构单元；3.双频段全息阻抗干涉图的记录方法；4.双频段全息阻抗天线的馈电匹配技术研究。基于本项目中基础内容的研究，利用双频横向谐振法快速设计了双频独立色散特性可调的阻抗表面单元，并主要实现了一款双频全息阻抗表面天线，其具有低频点实现左旋圆极化辐射且高频点实现右旋圆极化辐射的功能。经过对加工样品的测试，验证了设计的正确性。同时，基于该设计技术，也实现了双频相同线极化辐射、双频不同线极化辐射、双频同圆极化辐射以及大角度频扫天线的设计，用以进一步验证我们设计方法的正确性。.双频全息阻抗表面天线的成功设计，将提升电磁超表面这一领域对电磁波调控的能力，为未来新型雷达和通信系统的研发提供了新的设计理念。