高技术产业团体标准设定机理与政策研究

The government-leading mode of standards setting has become a main constraint for enhancing competitiveness of the products and service supplied by domestic enterprises, thus based on the current background that Chinese government is encouraging to embark on reform in standardization work and develop association standards, it is of important theoretical and strategic significance by intending to clarify the mechanism of assosiation standardization in high-technology industry from the perspective of stanadardization process and studying relevant govenment policies. Research efforts would be made to explore the following aspects: dicussing the construction of management mechanism of association standardization organizations in high-technology industry and the anticipation of standardization needs; investigating such issues with high priority in the devolopment of association standards as cooperative R&D, globalization as well as the balance between private interests and public interests; analyzing the diffussion of association standards in terms of their industrlization, pricing tactics as well as solutions to divergence; exploring the emphasis of government support and intervetion in association standards making in the high-technology domain; proposing pointed advices and concrete solutions to promote domestic assosiation standardization in high-technology industry and putting forward suggestions for building and improving the relevant policy system. By conducting this project, it is expected to reveal the characteristics and rules of developing association standards in the field of high-technology, obtain a clear-cut understanding of the directions and foci of association standardizaiton, expand the boundary of research on technical standards and generate some innovative research results with all efforts. Futhermore, it attempts to provide management support and a reference for decision-making aiming at propelling the development of domestic association standards, accelerating domestic industry transfromation and upgrading as well as achieving to raise the quality and effciency of Chinese economy.

政府主导制定标准模式已成为我国企业产品和服务竞争力提升的桎梏，因此在政府鼓励标准化工作改革与发展团体标准的现实背景下，从标准设定过程角度，研究高技术产业团体标准设定机理与相关政策具有重要理论与战略意义。本项目拟探讨高技术产业团体标准组织管理机制构建及对标准需求的预期，考察团体标准的协作开发与全球化开发及私有利益与公共利益的平衡，分析团体标准的产业化与扩散、定价策略及分裂性问题的解决，研究政府对高技术产业团体标准设定活动支持与干预的侧重点，提出促进我国高技术产业团体标准设定的具体措施与对策以及相关政策体系构建与完善的建议。通过本项目研究揭示高技术产业团体标准设定的特征与规律，明确团体标准设定开展方向与重点，力争拓展技术标准研究的边界，取得一些创新研究成果，为推进我国团体标准发展、促进我国产业转型升级与实现经济提质增效提供管理支持和决策依据。

团体标准是我国标准化工作改革的新生事物。标准引领创新发展，高技术产业培育和发展团体标准有助于激发市场主体活力与创新能力，提升我国国际竞争优势。目前有关高技术产业团体标准设定活动特征和规律的研究较为缺乏，因此本项目立足于技术标准设定过程，运用多学科交叉的理论与方法，系统研究了高技术产业团体标准设定的机理与相关政策，具有重要的理论与战略意义。. 根据标准化过程，主要从四个方面开展了相关理论与实证研究：高技术产业团体标准设定筹备阶段活动机理、高技术产业团体标准开发机理、高技术产业团体标准扩散机理、政策研究。针对这四个方面，研究内容主要包括：高技术产业团体标准与团体标准设定组织的性质与特点、高技术产业团体标准设定组织的管理机制构建；团体标准的协作开发机理、私有利益与公共利益的平衡；团体标准分裂性问题及其解决路径；基于高技术产业团体标准设定面临的多种问题，开展了相应的政府规制、监管与治理研究。. 本研究的主要成果为：（1）指出了高技术产业团体标准的准公共产品特点以及高技术产业团体标准设定过程中存在的多方面失灵问题。（2）结合高技术产业的特点和标准化过程特征，系统揭示了高技术产业团体标准化活动的重要因素和活动机理，主要包括：团体标准组织的内部治理关键要素、团体标准设定多主体间的协作共生机理和基于分配正义的利益平衡、针对团体标准裂化的私有元治理和以政府为主导的元治理、借鉴国际经验的专利许可信息隐匿监管等。（3）识别了政府应对高技术产业团体标准设定多种问题时的角色和定位以及相应治理模式，根据具体问题情境提出了相关政策制定建议。