电磁直线馈能悬架与AFPM轮毂驱动系统的集成优化研究

Under the in-wheel motor driving system, the electric vehicle’s unsprung mass and wheel’s rotational inertia will increase significantly, and it will generate certain vertical excitation, which affects the vehicle’s operation stability, ride comfort and safety. Aiming at those problems, this project proposes an integrated optimal method of electromagnetic linear energy-regenerative suspension and AFPM in-wheel motor to improve the performance of the electric vehicle. Based on the combination approach of theoretical analysis, numerical modeling and experimental test, it carries out research on the optimal design and integrated control of the electromagnetic linear energy-regenerative suspension and AFPM in-wheel motor. After establishing a nonlinear dynamic coupling model of total automobile system, it analyzes the vibration performance and energy-regenerative law of the automotive suspension, and reveals the four-quardant working mechanism of the electromagnetic linear energy-regenerative suspension. Therefore, control strategy of four-quardant invertible motion and method of energy-regenerative technology are put forward. The key factors and matching law determining good collaborative operation between the electromagnetic linear energy-regenerative suspension and the AFPM in-wheel motor are analyzed and summarized. Meanwhile, parameters are matched and optimized for those key factors which affect the system. Thus, integrated control parameters are obtained to optimize the vehicle performance under different driving conditions. Achievements from the project will provide theoretical basis and technical approach for better performance in ride comfort, safety and energy conservation of the in-wheel drive electric vehicle. Moreover, it will be of great value both in theory and practice to enrich and develop the electric vehicle technology.

电动汽车采用轮毂驱动形式，增大了车辆的簧下质量和轮毂转动惯量，并产生一定的垂向激励，从而影响车辆的操稳性、平顺性及安全性。为此本项目提出采用电磁直线馈能悬架技术与轮毂电机进行集成优化的方案来改善轮毂驱动电动汽车的性能。通过理论分析、数值模拟和试验测试相结合的方法对电磁直线馈能悬架与AFPM轮毂电机的优化设计和集成控制展开研究。建立整车非线性动力学耦合模型，分析电动汽车悬架的振动特性与馈能规律，揭示电磁直线馈能悬架的四象限工作机理，提出馈能悬架的四象限可逆运动控制策略及馈能技术方案。分析并归纳决定电磁直线馈能悬架与AFPM轮毂电机良好协同运作的关键因素与匹配规律，对系统的重要影响因素进行多参数匹配优化，获得在不同行驶工况下使电动汽车达到最优性能的集成控制参数。本项目的研究成果将为轮毂驱动电动汽车的舒适、安全以及节能等特性的提升提供理论依据和技术途径，对丰富和发展电动汽车技术有重要的科学意义。

本项目针对轮毂驱动电动汽车的平顺性与安全性问题，提出了采用主动悬架改善车辆动力学特性，以提升轮毂驱动电动汽车综合性能的方案。然而主动悬架系统存在严重的能耗问题，不利于其进一步推广，项目提出了一种新型电磁直线馈能悬架技术方案，其可以满足悬架主动控制的同时实现能量反馈与收集，为解决轮毂驱动电动车的平顺性、安全性以及能量高效性等问题带来了契机。项目组按照预定计划开展了全面且细致的研究。在构建电动汽车整车非线性动力学耦合模型、分析悬架的振动特性与馈能规律的基础上，完成了电磁直线馈能悬架的结构设计与优化、四象限可逆控制单元与馈能电路设计、样机研制及性能测试。开展了AFPM轮毂电机的结构与磁路设计、多场联合仿真、动态特性分析及性能优化研究，并完成了其样机研制。在完成电磁直线馈能悬架与AFPM轮毂电机兼容性分析的基础上，探究了二者的集成控制与系统优化方案。研究成果为轮毂驱动电动汽车的舒适、安全以及节能等特性的提升提供了理论依据和技术途径，对丰富和发展电动汽车技术有重要的科学意义。