水平轴风力机气动噪声生成机理与传播特性研究

The purpose of this proposal is to investigate the mechanism of the aerodynamic noise generation and propagation and to establish a prediction model of aerodynamic noise for Horizontal Axial Wind Turbine. In study, a small size axial flow wind turbine test facility will be designed and be used for experiment. The advanced flowfield measurement tools and technologies, such as the built-in blade mirco measurement system, the laser TR-PIV, PDA, the hot-wire anemometer and high-frequency dynamic pressure sensor will be applied to measure the dynamic aerodynaimc and aeroacoustic parameters on the surface of blades and around the rotating wind turbine blades. The experiments and measurements will be carried out in a Anechoic chamber. Combined with the numerical simulation results based on CFD/CAA tools, we will try to find and confirm the key parameters which have the important affections on the aerodynamic noise generation and propagation and decide the quantitative changes and the effect regions of the key parameters. In the research, a new aerodynamic noise prediction model will be developed based on the results of numerical simulation and experimental measurement, as well as the wind turbines operation data in the wind farms. The developed model can be used to modify the classical design and performance prediction methods, such as widely used blade design methods for HWAT. The results can also be applied to the related areas, such as the turbomachinery.

探索水平轴风力机气动噪声的形成机理和传播特征。以实验测量为主要手段，采用基于IT和MEMS技术的内置式旋转叶片表面流动测量系统和激光三维流场测试等新技术和设备，以及复杂流场和声场的数值模拟工具，并结合气动声学理论分析的结果，发现和确定在风力机气动噪声形成传播过程中起决定作用的关键气动和结构参数以及这些参数的作用范围和变换规律。关联风场风力机气动和噪声数据，建立较为精确的风力机叶片气动噪声预测模型，以提高风力机的研制水平和扩大风力机的应用范围。发展气动声学理论，并为其他相关叶轮机械的气动声学设计提供实验数据和理论依据。

风能是近期最具大规模开发利用前景的可再生能源，对国家实现双碳战略具有重大意义。自然条件下非定常来流对风力机气动和气动声学性能产生直接影响，由非定常流动引发的风力机噪声问题也愈发严峻，趋严的噪声排放法规限制了风场选址及功率输出。因此，研究风力机的非定常流动和噪声问题是研制和推广高性能风电装备的关键，也是学术研究的热点。.在本研究中，设计了用于气动性能和气动噪声研究的模型风力机，发展了多种测试方法，实现了模型风力机近场流场和远场声场的测量，成功获得了旋转叶片表面动态压力信息。改进了麦克风阵列声学定位算法，准确实现了旋转风力机叶片声源定位。并采用高精度数值计算方法获得风力机翼型/风力机非定常流场，发展了多种流场数据驱动方法，揭示了非定常流动和非定常气动力，非定常力和气动噪声的内在联系，结合气动声学理论探究了水平轴风力机气动噪声的形成机理和传播特征，明确了模型风力机气动噪声的宽频特征。发现在实验环境下可以忽略叶尖噪声和来流湍流噪声，并基于静态失速模型改进了噪声预测模型。研究方法可扩展应用到水平轴风力机的气固耦合效应研究，以及垂直轴风力机非定常流场研究。研究成果和方法也可为其他相关叶轮机械的气动声学设计提供实验数据和理论依据。