碳纳米管宏观管状连续体的形成及应用基础研究

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fabricated by available methods are frequently in powder or flocculent form and difficult to assemble as an ordered structure. These conditions limit the application of CNTs. However, highly aligned macro-CNT fibers, films, and bulk structures are demanded in various high-technology fields, including aeronautics & astronautics, solar energy power generation, electromagnetic interference shielding or wave absorbing. This project proposes a method featured with a controllable microstructure, adjustable macro size and high graphitic structure to prepare ordered CNT fiber (continuous), film (greater than 2 × 1 m2), or bulk structure (greater than 20 dm3) directly. The key point to realize the assembly using the proposed method is to prepare a continuous CNT macrotube. In this study, the formation process of CNT aerogel, the solidfication mechanism of the aerogel and the formation mechanism of the macrotube are going to be investigated through studying the reaction reactor, temperature field, gas stream field, growth mediator and others factors. Moreover, the assembly mechanism and performance changes occurring before and after the assembly will be evaluated by investigating the surface/interface and shrinkage under different constraints of the macrotube that steadily existing in the atmosphere. Such a move could pave the way for industrialization of macro-CNT fibers, films, and bulk structures.

近年来，随着应用研究的不断深入和较多高技术领域，如航空航天、太阳能发电、电磁屏蔽及吸波等对微观有序的宏观碳纳米管（CNTs）纤维、膜或块体需求的呼声日益高涨。现有方法制备的CNTs一般呈粉末或团絮状，难以组装有序结构而使CNTs应用大为受限。本项目基于一种全新的微观有序、石墨化高且超薄的CNTs宏观结构-管状连续体，提出了一种微观结构可控、宏观尺寸可调的直接制备结构有序CNTs连续纤维、膜（平方米级）或块体（数十立方分米级）的方法，实现该法组装有序宏观结构的关键在于制备管状连续体。研究拟通过对反应器、温度场、气流场、生长调节剂等的控制，得出系统中CNTs气凝胶的形成、形成后以管壁为模板固化及吹出连续体的机理；通过对在大气中能稳定存在的连续体表面/界面及在不同约束条件下收缩行为的研究，掌握其组装机制及组装后连续体与组装体的性能变化，从而为有序宏观CNTs纤维、膜或块体的工业化应用奠定基础。

近年来，随着应用研究的不断深入和较多高技术领域对微观有序的宏观碳纳米管（CNTs）纤维或膜需求的呼声日益高涨。现有方法制备的CNTs一般呈粉末或团絮状，难以组装有序结构而使CNTs应用大为受限。本研究基于一种全新的微观有序、石墨化高且超薄的CNTs宏观结构-管状连续体，进行了一种微观结构可控、宏观尺寸可调的直接制备结构有序CNTs连续纤维或膜的研究，研究通过对反应器、温度场、气流场、生长调节剂等的控制，得出了系统中CNTs气凝胶的形成、形成后以管壁为模板固化及吹出连续体的影响因素；通过对在大气中能稳定存在的连续体表面/界面及在不同约束条件下收缩行为的研究，掌握了其在约束条件下组装成宏观纤维与宏观膜的影响机理；在所得纤维和膜的基础上，研究证实了该纤维是一种很好的低压电弧发生材料，所得宏观膜是很好的电磁屏蔽材料与可折叠锂离子电池集流体材料，这些研究将为有序宏观CNTs纤维或膜的工业化应用奠定很好的基础。