互补联合行动的脑基础：基于近红外成像的超扫描研究

Complementary joint action is an important form of human cooperation, in which two or more individuals act differently to attain the shared goal. Yet the neural basis underlying the complementary joint action is not well understood. Previous studies have explored this issue by measuring the brain activity of a single individual when he/she is performing complementary joint action task with others, however, the activity of the certain region of a single brain might not be the neural basis of the complementary joint action. Recently, studies have revealed that the brain synchronization between interacting individuals might be the “neural marker” of interpersonal interaction. Accordingly, the current research will simultaneously record the brain activities of the interacting individuals by using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based hyperscanning technique, to explore the neural basis of complementary joint action. Particularly, this research will focus on the interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) during the complementary joint action, investigating how it is associated with the action performance, how it is elicited and how it is modulated by the interacting context. Taken together, this research will disclose the brain-to-brain mechanisms underlying complementary joint action, enriching the related theories concerning the social interaction and joint action, extending our understanding of human cooperation. Also, the present research will provide some inspirations for practically promoting team performance.

互补联合行动是人类合作的重要表现形式，指从事不同行为的多个个体相互配合以实现共同的目标。如何进行有效的互补联合行动，其背后的脑基础是什么，目前尚不清楚。对此问题，已有一些初步回答，然多数研究仅对互动中的单个个体进行测量，而单脑激活并不足以解释互补联合行动。新近研究发现，多个个体的脑活动相干性（即人际大脑同步）或可反映群体活动过程中的人际互动。基于此，本项目将采用基于近红外成像的超扫描技术，同时记录互补联合行动过程中多个个体的大脑活动。特别地，本项目将聚焦于人际大脑同步，明确其与互补联合行动有效性之间的关系，并探讨其内在产生机制和外在调节情境。如此，可从人际交互视角揭示互补联合行动的脑基础，丰富和拓展社会互动的相关理论，增进对人类合作行为的理解。本项目亦能为各类社会群体（企业、教学等）提供相应的提高团队行动效率的参考性建议。

本项目从人际神经科学的视角，采用基于近红外成像的超扫描研究技术，以双人协作绘图为范式，探究了互补联合行动的脑基础、其内在产生机制和外在调节情境要素。项目取得如下重要发现：1）互补联合行动可诱发个体间前额叶区域增强的大脑同步，此增强的脑同步与行动绩效存在关联；2）互补联合行动的内在子成分——共享目标和行为互适在不同脑区域进行表征，共享目标主要在右侧额下回进行加工，而行为互适主要涉及左侧额下回；3）互补联合行动绩效与脑同步受到行动差异度的调节，差异度大的互补联合行动可增强行动绩效、增强个体间脑同步和人际影响。这些发现让我们更好地理解群体联合行动，并为如何提高群体联合行动的效率提供了启示。在此基础上，项目组尝试了在生态效度更高的群体决策互动范式中检验人际大脑同步对复杂群体行动影响，并进一步对超扫描技术下的研究范式和人际大脑同步的计算方法进行了整理，形成了相应的研究操作和指标计算的指导。最后，项目组梳理了相应研究方法及研究成果在其他相关活动领域（教学活动、临床精神疾病的识别和治疗等）的应用前景。