南疆枣树根区冠层水分双控节水高效模式

The shortage of water resources, extreme arid climate of high temperature and low humidity is the main factor limiting the development of the jujube industry in southern Xinjiang. The microclimate of high temperature and low humidity in the flowering season of jujube tree is easy to cause "burnt flower" and low fruit setting rate at flowering stage, which is the main reason that affects the yield and quality of jujube tree. Based on previous research based on quasi drip irrigation system in root zone (indirect subsurface drip irrigation) on the basis of the increase in florescence canopy mist irrigation on jujube root canopy micro climate zone double regulation, appropriate root zone environment for creating high quality and high yield of jujube canopy. This paper through theoretical research, experiment, numerical simulation methods of root zone water mist irrigation on canopy double jujube micro climate regulation effect, variation of canopy micro-climate factors of different control schemes, revealing the root zone and double canopy under the control of jujube photosynthesis and water consumption characteristics, quality and yield mechanism and control index. The establishment of the root zone soil moisture, canopy micro-climate factors and jujube photosynthesis, evaporation and transpiration, physiological ecology and yield and quality of response and the canopy temperature and humidity as the main parameters of the fruit transpiration model, obtained the root zone and the flowering period of drip irrigation of jujube micro irrigation double control of water saving, high yield, quality and irrigation mode. It provides technical support for the promotion and sustainable development of high efficiency irrigation technology in the forest and fruit industry in southern Xinjiang.

水资源短缺，高温低湿的极端干旱气候是限制新疆南疆枣树产业化发展的主要因子。枣树花期冠层气温高、湿度低的微气候易造成盛花期出现“焦花”及坐果率低，是影响枣树产量品质提升的主要原因。基于前期研究基础，拟在根区滴灌系统（间接地下滴灌）的基础上，在花期增加冠层弥雾灌对枣园微气候环境进行根区冠层双位调控，为枣树优质高产创造出适宜的根区冠层环境。本课题通过理论研究、小区试验，数值模拟等方法，研究根区供水冠层弥雾灌双位对枣园微气候的调控效应，不同调控方案下冠层微气候各因子的变化特征，揭示根区与冠层双位调控下枣树光合及耗水特性、优质增产机理。建立根区土壤水分、冠层微气候各因子与枣树光合、蒸腾蒸发、生理生态及产量品质的响应关系及以冠层温湿度为主要参数的果树蒸腾模型，获得枣树根区滴灌和开花期微喷灌双位控制的节水、高产、质优的灌溉模式。为南疆林果业高效灌溉技术的提升及可持续发展提供技术支持。

水资源短缺，高温低湿的极端干旱气候是限制新疆南疆枣树产业化发展的主要因子。枣树花期冠层气温高、湿度低的微气候易造成盛花期出现“焦花”及坐果率低现象，导致不易授粉、大量落花、落果等现象，是影响枣树产量及品质提升的主要原因。本项目通过小区试验，分别开展枣树冠层花期微喷弥雾灌模式下，研究了枣树开花率、坐果率、光合作用、蒸腾蒸发、水分耗散等指标与枣园冠层温度、湿度的响应关系，发现弥雾灌可显著改善枣园冠层温湿度，有效提高坐果率，叶片光合速率最高可提升210.82%，阐明弥雾灌对枣园冠层微气候的调控效应；根区间接地下滴灌灌水量和冠层弥雾灌双控模式下，研究了双控对作物根区棵间土壤蒸发、枣树的蒸散耗水规律、生长、坐果率和产量品质的调控机理，发现双控可减少根区棵间土壤蒸发、提高作物产量和品质，探明根区滴灌与冠层弥雾灌双位调控下枣树耗水特性及优质增产机理、节水灌溉模式，并构建了不同灌水深度条件下枣树根系吸水模型。为间接地下滴灌技术提升及南疆林果业高效、可持续发展提供技术支持。