基于带隙可调三维光子晶体的双尺寸异质超材料的制备及其红外辐射性能研究

Materials with low infrared emissivity have shown great potential in military and civil applications such as stealth technology, electromagnetic protection, information transmission, etc. To endow the materials with low emissivity at broad infrared wavebands through the design of their composition and structure is the key problem. In this work, an opal colloidal crystal established from binary hollow SiO2 micrometer spheres was used as template to farbricate inverse opal semiconductor photonic crystal. Then, few layerd MoS2 nanosheet was in-situ coated on inverse opal to form bimodal size heterostructure 3D photonic crystal metamaterial. The propagation characteristics of infrared wave and the control methods of photonic band gaps in the heterostructure media will be achieved by the structural design, constituent modification and the study of the formation of photonic band gaps. The multi-functional cooperative principle to lower the infrared emissivity will be studied to control the infrared radiation properties. This work will provide theoretical and practical basis for the self-assembly of micrometer sphere, the preparation of three-dimensional porous heterostructure materials and the control of infrared photonic band gaps. It will help to broaden the applications of 3D photonic crystal materials and hugely promote the development of high-performance structural infrared materials in the future.

低红外发射率材料在隐身技术、电磁防护、信息传输等军事及民用领域具有巨大的应用价值。如何通过材料结构与组成设计来调控其在宽红外波长范围内的发射率是目前亟需解决的关键问题。本项目从三维光子晶体的结构特征与其光子带隙的匹配性入手，以双尺寸中空微球自组装而成的胶体晶体为模板，利用气相沉积、高温硫化还原和化学刻蚀技术构筑半导体硫化物反蛋白石结构，并在其周期性孔内原位外延生长层状MoS2，构建异质双尺寸三维光子晶体超材料体系，实现红外大气窗口的发射率调控。通过调节材料不同结构与组成参数，分析其红外光子带隙形成与调控过程，阐明其多功能协同调降发射率的基本原理，揭示其红外辐射特性的调节机制。本项目将为中空微球的自组装、三维异质光子晶体的制备及其红外光子带隙的调控提供理论和实践基础，对三维光子晶体在高性能红外材料的应用起到了积极的推动作用。

低红外发射率材料在隐身技术、电磁防护、信息传输等军事及民用领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。传统的低发射率材料一般是由高反射性的颜料与粘合剂共混而成的涂层，这类材料存在屏蔽红外波长较窄、性能不稳定、无法多波段兼容等缺陷。从材料结构与组成的角度出发，设计出具有宽红外波长范围发射率调控性能的新材料是目前的研究热点和难点。本项目主要从三维光子晶体的结构特征与其光子带隙的匹配性入手，以双尺寸微球自组装而成的胶体晶体为模板，利用水热法和高温焙烧技术构筑半导体反蛋白石结构，并在其周期性孔内原位外延生长层状MoS2，制备得到了异质结构三维光子晶体超材料。项目研究过程中系统研究了不同种类、不同尺寸及中空结构微球的自组装行为，通过调节双尺寸微球尺寸组合、填充剂介质组成和外延生长的MoS2含量及层数实现了红外发射率的可控调节。本项目为三维异质光子晶体的制备及其红外光子带隙的调控提供了一定的理论和实践基础，推动了三维光子晶体在高性能红外材料领域的应用。