荧光纳米纤维膜的制备新方法及其可视化检测、分离重金属离子的一体化研究

Heavy metal pollution is one of the environmental issues of global concern. Due to organic fluorescent dye modified nanofiber films can detect and separate heavy metal ions at the same time, they have been becoming a research focus for many researchers in recent years. However, the conventional fluorescent nanofiber films can only visual detect limited kinds of heavy metal ions and methods for preparation of those nanofiber films are not universal. To solve the above problems, this project intends to use the advantages of electrospinning technique, no copper catalyzed “click chemistry” and polymer containing aldehyde groups, building a new class of fluorescent nanofiber films based on rhodamine or BODIPY for detection and separation of heavy metal ions. In addition, this project will been carried out as follows: (1) Screening and optimizing identify groups and fluorophores; (2) Preparation and characterization of fluorescent nanofiber films containing high-density surface recognition sites; (3) Studying the fluorescence spectroscopic properties of nanofiber films; (4) Investigating the effect of fluorescent nanofiber films separating heavy metal ions and exploring the reuse of recycled fluorescent nanofiber films. And then, we will promulgate the relationship between the structures of fluorophores, identify groups and their properties. The fluorescence spectral properties of nanofiber films will be identified. The integrated new technology based on fluorescent nanofiber films for detection and separation of heavy metal ions will be established. To solve the problem of heavy pollution, this research will provide a new method for monitoring and separation of heavy metal ions. Moreover, this research will provide new ideas for the synthesis of a portable fluorescent sensor.

重金属污染是全球关注的环境问题之一。有机荧光染料修饰的纳米纤维膜，可以同时实现重金属离子的可视化检测和高效分离，备受研究者的关注。然而现有荧光纳米纤维膜可视化检测重金属离子的种类有限，制备方法通用性不强。针对以上问题，本项目拟利用静电纺丝技术、无铜催化的“点击化学”和含醛基聚合物的优点，构建罗丹明、氟硼二吡咯类新型荧光纳米纤维膜，并用于铅、镉、铬、汞等典型重金属离子的特异性检测和分离。以识别基团和荧光基团的筛选与优化，表面含高密度识别位点的荧光纳米纤维膜的可控制备与表征，荧光纳米纤维膜的光谱性质，以及它分离重金属离子的效果和回收再利用为研究主线，揭示识别基团和荧光基团的结构与性能之间的规律，明确荧光纳米纤维膜的光谱性质，建立荧光纳米纤维膜对典型重金属离子检测与分离一体化的新技术。研究成果不仅可以为便携式荧光传感器的制备提供新思路，而且将为解决重金属污染问题提供新的监测和分离手段。

本项目采用砌块组装的方式设计、合成了系列高性能荧光化学传感器，重点研究了它们的结构与性能之间的规律。通过1，8-萘酰亚胺、罗丹明、7-硝基苯并-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑、邻苯二甲酰亚胺、香豆素、苯并噻唑类有机荧光染料的选择和识别基团的优化，先后建立了环境水体系中Cu2+、Pd2+、巯基化合物、双氧水、次氯酸盐、氟离子、剧毒有机磷农药等有害物质比色或荧光检测的方法，且选择性、灵敏度较高，工作曲线的线性范围好。同时系统地研究了部分荧光化学传感器的识别机理与作用过程，以及细胞成像的效果。其中，所制备的一种荧光纳米材料能高效地分离Cu2+离子，且能重复利用。另外，提出了以商业化的线型聚乙烯基苄基氯为原料制备一种富含醛基聚合物的新途径，且所制备的聚合物化学性质稳定、醛基含量高、加工性能好，达到了制备富含醛基的纳米纤维膜所需原料的要求。通过考察富含醛基的聚合物膜与含氨基化合物反应的难易程度，证实了无铜催化的“点击化学”的高效性。上述研究成果为荧光纳米纤维膜新制备方法的探讨奠定了良好的基础，同时为环境水体系中典型有害物的检测提供了新的手段，也可应用于细胞成像领域。