复合碳纳米材料低压膜结构设计强化有机污染物去除和生物污染控制的机理研究

Low-pressure membrane (LPM) is widely used in water and wastewater treatment processes. Restricted by their membrane pore size, the traditional organic polymer membranes can only remove limited amount of dissolved organic materials (DOM) in water or wastewater. Besides, the adsorption of DOM on the surface and the blocking or deposition of DOM in the pore can cause serious organic fouling of membrane. Followed by the enhanced attachment of suspended bacterial cells, the biofouling of membrane will be further strengthened. The project aims to construct a composited LPM constructed by various carbon nanomaterials. In the premise of maintaining low-pressure operation and low-energy consumption, we’ll make an appropriate pore distribution and antimicrobial structure design for this composited membrane, and make it processes dual function of "enhancing organic pollutants removal" as well as "biofouling control”. The main research contents include: (1) Pore size distribution and structure design with respect to enhanced removal of organic pollutants; (2) Antimicrobial structure design with respect to biofouling control; (3) Mechanism of organic pollutants removal by the composited LPM constructed by carbon nanomaterials; (4) Mechanism of biofouling control by the composited LPM constructed by carbon nanomaterials. The results will broaden the research route of traditional LPM technology, and provide valuable references for the application of the novel LPM technology in environmental field.

低压膜滤技术（LPM）被广泛用于饮用水处理和污水的再生利用。受自身孔径大小的限制，常规有机高分子聚合低压膜对水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的截留能力非常有限，存在DOM在膜表面或膜孔内吸附、沉积所导致的有机污染严重和由于悬浮态菌细胞的附着而加剧生物污染两大难题。本项目拟采用碳纳米材料构建低压膜，在保证低压、低能耗运行的同时，通过其合理的孔道和抑菌结构设计，使该膜具备“强化有机污染物去除”和“控制生物污染”双重作用。主要研究内容包括：（1）强化截留有机污染物的复合碳纳米材料低压膜孔道结构设计；（2）控制生物污染的复合碳纳米材料低压膜抑菌结构设计；（3）复合碳纳米材料低压膜强化有机污染物去除的效能和机理研究；（4）复合碳纳米材料低压膜控制生物污染的效能和机理探索。研究结果将拓展低压膜技术的研究思路，为环境领域内新型低压膜技术的推广使用提供参考。

常规有机高分子聚合低压膜，受自身孔径大小的限制，对水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的截留能力非常有限，存在DOM在膜表面或膜孔内吸附、沉积所导致的有机污染严重和由于悬浮态菌细胞的附着而加剧生物污染两大难题。本项目采用碳纳米材料构建低压膜，在保证低压、低能耗运行的同时，通过其合理的孔道和抑菌结构设计，使该膜具备“强化有机污染物去除”和“控制生物污染”双重作用。主要研究内容包括：（1）强化截留有机污染物的复合碳纳米材料低压膜孔道结构设计；（2）控制生物污染的复合碳纳米材料低压膜抑菌结构设计；（3）复合碳纳米材料低压膜强化有机污染物去除的效能和机理研究；（4）复合碳纳米材料低压膜控制生物污染的效能和机理探索。研究结果表明，项目中构建的膜主体结构兼具“截留作用”和“深层过滤”作用，强化了对大分子致堵有机污染物和小分子污染物的协同去除；通过复合碳纳米材料表面和膜主体内抗粘附、抑菌结构的设计，优化了复合碳纳米材料低压膜“抑制生物污染物质附着”和“细菌灭活”双重效能，能够有效抑制膜的生物污染。同时，复合碳纳米材料膜能够有效避免碳纳米材料穿透低压膜进入水生态系统，在提高出水水质的同时，将有效避免纳米颗粒在环境中传播的风险。