工程建筑物变形监测安全评价与预警响应研究

When engineering buildings generated more than the allowable deformation occurring in the process of the construction or operation, it may cause the project quality accident or engineering disasters.The key to resolve the scientific problem of safety evaluation and engineering problem of building is to study and determine reasonable safety monitoring indexes, and establish the comprehensive evaluation model of security risks. At present it has been studied in depth for engineering buildings deformation monitoring analysis and forecasting, but there are many problems such as determination of the safety monitoring indexes and establishment of evaluation model still to be solved. Based on the engineering buildings deformation monitoring and deformation analysis and combined with the building structure, ground , foundation and other relevant information, a reasonable and reliable safety monitoring indexes and safety evaluation model are established. Through simulation analysis, fully considering the relationship between the various physical quantities and accurately diagnosing engineering buildings abnormal deformation and safety state, a variety of methods are used to determine monitoring indexes for safety evaluation of building deformation. Through integration of safety evaluation modeling principles of multiple measurement points and multi-physical parameter, the building safety evaluation model and the method of early warning response analysis with the presence of abnormal deformation are proposed based on entropy weight and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The project not only provides a reliable analytical method for deformation monitoring and safety evaluation of building, but also provides a theoretical foundation to scientifically formulate standards for monitoring of building safety evaluation and establish a reasonable and reliable monitoring indexes and early warning response.

工程建筑物施工或运营过程中产生超过允许变形可能造成工程质量事故或工程灾害。研究拟定合理的安全监控指标，建立安全风险综合评价模型，是解决建筑物安全评价科学问题和工程问题的关键。目前工程建筑物变形监测分析与预报已有深入系统研究，但安全监控指标拟定和安全评价模型建立问题远未解决。本项目基于工程建筑物变形监测分析，结合建筑结构、地基基础等相关信息，建立合理可靠的安全监控指标与安全评价模型。通过模拟分析，充分考虑各种物理量之间的关系，准确诊断工程建筑物异常变形和安全状态，运用多种方法拟定建筑物变形安全评价监控指标。利用融合多测点、多物理量安全评价建模方法原理，提出基于熵权法与模糊综合评判相结合的建筑物安全评价模型和存在异常变形时预警响应分析方法。本项目研究不仅对工程建筑物变形监测与安全评价提供一种可靠的分析方法，而且为科学制定建筑物安全评价监控标准、建立合理可靠监控指标和预警响应等提供一些理论基础。

工程建筑物施工或运营过程中产生超过允许变形可能造成工程质量事故或工程灾害。通过合理确定建筑物安全监控指标，建立安全风险综合评价模型，是解决建筑物安全评价科学问题和工程问题的关键。本项目从建筑物安全监控指标拟定、安全评价和预警分析出发，主要研究内容包括：① 建筑物安全评价定量监控指标确定； ② 建立建筑物变形监测数据噪声处理模型； ③ 建立建筑物安全评价模型和预警分析模型；④研究结果在建筑物变形分析中的应用。从定量监测角度，确定了合理可靠的建筑物安全监控指标，并建立了基于小波分析和卡尔曼滤波的建筑物变形监测数据去燥方法，能够有效剔除噪声信息，更为真实地反映建筑物变形的实际情况。在进行工程建筑物变形监测安全评价中，分别提出了基于多尺度和机器学习相结合、基于改进噪声影响和基于多测点融合的建筑物变形预测与安全评价方法，能够有效分析变形中隐含的特征信息，充分考虑各测点之间的关系，准确诊断工程建筑物异常变形和安全状态。针对建筑物变形预警响应方面，提出基于灰色遗传BP神经网络的变形安全自动监测故障与自诊断系统，能够解决自动监测系统的不稳定性能和测量漂移问题，使变形特征更容易检测到，实现故障的在线诊断和实时隔离，能够对建筑物是否存在安全隐患进行准确地评估与判断。项目研究结果已经在工程建筑物变形监测中得到很好的应用，同时拓展到卫星钟差确定、对流层延迟预报以及地表土壤湿度反演的应用中。本项目的研究成果不仅对工程建筑物变形监测与安全评价提供了一种可靠的分析方法，而且为建筑物安全评价科学制定监控标准、建立合理可靠监控指标和预警响应等提供了一些理论基础。