新型多孔或多维导电高分子的设计、合成及在薄膜太阳能电池中应用

This project focuses on the preparation of 2 or 3-dimentional(2-D or 3-D) conductive polythiophene, polypyrrole or polyaniline and their application in photo-electronic fields. Porous polymers are hot topics in academic community and they have already been employed in the gas absorption, seperation or as matrix for catalysts loading. However, few attempts were made in photo-electronic fields because of the lack of consideration on monomers deign, energy level controlling and compatible fabrication process. This project will try to introduce linker between multi-thiophene or pyrrole moieties and obtain corresponding 2 or 3-D conductive polymers through traditional chemical oxidation polymerization and electrochemical polymerization. In addition, a green and facile method of solid state polymerization will be employed for our project as well. Finally, we will apply these novel porous conductive polymers as electrode materials or buffer layers in thin film perovskite or dye-ensitized solar cells.

本申请书主要是针对新型多孔导电聚噻吩、聚吡咯和聚苯胺等设计合成及其在光电子器件应用而提出的项目。多孔高分子是近年来的研究热点，目前主要应用于气体吸附、分离或催化剂载体，但在光电子器件特别是薄膜太阳能电池的应用涉及极少。究其原因，主要是由于大多数高分子设计只考虑了多孔这一指标，而对其中关键因素，如分子设计、能级匹配度、电导率、与光电子器件匹配的可加工性工艺等考虑不足。本项目拟从3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩（EDOT）或吡咯等基元着手，通过合理的分子设计获得含有多聚合官能团的单体，进而采用传统溶液氧化、电化学聚合或绿色固相聚合方法获得系列新型多孔导电高分子，并考察它们作为电极材料或缓冲层材料在钙钛矿以及染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用。

导电高分子在光电子器件有广泛应用，然而其设计、合成新的体系研究不多。经过本项目的资助实施，合成了系列多维-多孔聚噻吩、聚吡咯、聚苯胺衍生物。通过优化后，三维 poly(EDOT-methane)对电极染料敏化电池的光电转化效率超过8%。尽管在多维聚（类）苯胺体系开发中，暂时无法获得高导电性的材料，但其表现出优秀的光学性能，在传感应用中表现出优秀的潜力。同时，在固相聚合中提出N-H/C-Br聚合分支，为聚氨基材料工业应用有重要借鉴意义。而首次光聚合制备著名导电高分子PEDOT，和双噻吩甲烷体系的光聚合成功，大幅拓宽了光聚合的应用范畴。此外，关于环钯化合物在近红外材料、金属离子传感等方面也做了有益的尝试。