不规则天体软着陆区域选择与轨迹优化研究

The landing mission on the irregular-shaped minor celestial body is one of important areas of deep space exploration. In the process of landing on small bodies, the complete irregular gravitational field, the complex local rock and rubble environment of the landing area, the contact force between the lander and the surface of the small body, are three aspects that affect the landing accuracy of the small bodies’ Key factor. In this study, the dynamic mechanism of the soft landing of irregular small bodies is obtained by accurately describing the irregular gravitational field of the lander, the complex landform environment, and the contact force during the landing process. The influence of parameters such as the concavity and convexity, latitude, boulder and rubble distribution on the landing process was analyzed. This project studies the selection index of landing area and the optimization method, and designs the indirect optimization method of low thrust trajectory on the surface of irregular-shaped minor celestial bodies. In this study, the mechanism of the contact process and bounce of the landlord's first contact with the surface of the minor celestial body during the landing is studied. The select method and mechanism of the landing accuracy, the landing stability, the landing time, as well as the trajectory on the irregular-shaped body are investigated. This research can provide scientific basis of the landing area selection and landing trajectory design of the missions to minor bodies.

不规则形小天体表面的着陆任务是深空探测的重要领域之一。在小天体表面着陆过程中，完整的不规则形状产生的引力场、着陆区域的复杂局部石块与瓦砾环境、着陆器接触小天体表面的接触力这三个方面是影响小天体表面着陆精度的重要因素。本研究以综合考虑这三个方面进行建模，通过准确描述着陆器所在的不规则引力场、着陆复杂地貌环境以及着陆过程中的接触力，来获知不规则小天体表面软着陆的动力学机理，分析着陆区域凹凸性、纬度、巨石与瓦砾分布等参数变化对着陆过程的影响。研究着陆区域选择指标及优化计算方法，设计不规则小天体表面着陆的小推力轨迹间接优化方法。本项目系统研究小天体表面着陆过程中着陆器首次接触小天体表面后的接触过程与弹跳的作用机理；探索小天体表面着陆精度、着陆稳定性、着陆时长和轨迹的选择途径和机理，为深空小天体着陆区域选择和着陆轨迹的设计提供科学依据。

不规则形小天体表面的着陆任务是深空探测的重要领域之一。在小天体表面着陆过程中，完整的不规则形状产生的引力场、着陆区域的复杂局部石块与瓦砾环境、着陆器接触小天体表面的接触力这三个方面是影响小天体表面着陆精度的重要因素。本研究以综合考虑这三个方面进行建模，通过准确描述着陆器所在的不规则引力场、着陆复杂地貌环境以及着陆过程中的接触力，来获知不规则小天体表面软着陆的动力学机理，分析着陆区域凹凸性、纬度、巨石与瓦砾分布等参数变化对着陆过程的影响。研究着陆区域选择指标及优化计算方法，设计不规则小天体表面着陆的小推力轨迹间接优化方法。本研究系统研究小天体表面着陆过程中着陆器首次接触小天体表面后的接触过程与弹跳的作用机理；探索小天体表面着陆精度、着陆稳定性、着陆时长和轨迹的选择途径和机理，为深空小天体着陆区域选择和着陆轨迹的设计提供科学依据。项目发表论文26篇，出版专著1部，其中SCi检索21篇。项目成果可应用于我国后续天问二号小天体探测任务的测控工作中。