多层建筑的选择性拆解技术策略及生态效益研究

In recent years, China's urban construction demolition produce a lot of waste building materials which are difficult to recycle ,so most of them are been landfill disposal, which causes a series of problems ,such as environmental pollution, waste of resources and land occupied.This project attempts to apply the principle of material flow,fully study the difficulty in the process of building deconstruction and recycling,and refine the correlation factors of selective buildig deconstruction and reuse of waste materials. Using life cycle theory and Building Information Modeling for the media of the research, changing the existing construction ideas, considering the operability of building deconstruction in the beginning of the construction, studing the effect of structure type, selection of materials, connections, on the deconstruction process, are in order to optimize the existing deconstruction technology strategy, and establish the waste material recycling technology system;meanwhile ,analysis the carbon emissions quantitation of the main structural material ,and compares the carbon emissions between building deconstruction and building demolished, to obtain the ecological benefits indicators of the waste material recycling in optimize deconstruction strategy.This project will provide the appropriate policy recommendations to establish the appropriate quality standards and related policies.

近年来我国城市建筑拆除产生大量废旧建筑材料，因难以回收利用而被填埋处理，也由此引发环境污染、资源浪费、土地占用等一系列问题。本课题试图运用物质流原理，充分了解拆解与回收过程的难点所在，提炼选择性建筑拆解技术与废旧材料利用的相关性要素；从生命周期视角出发,并以建筑信息模型为媒介，改变现有施工思路，在建造之初即对后续拆解的可操作性加以考虑，研究结构类型、选用材料、连接方式等对拆解过程的影响，从而优化现有拆解策略，建立旧材料再利用的技术体系；同时对主要结构材料进行碳排量量化分析，比较建筑拆解与建筑拆毁间二氧化碳排放的差距，获得优化拆解策略下废旧材料再利用生态效益方面的指标,为建立恰当的质量标准和有关政策提供相应的策略建议。

我国大规模建筑拆除与三十年来城市化进程密不可分，从旧城改造到大拆大建，追求速度的建筑拆毁方式降低了材料的再利用率，造成大量材料浪费。再利用是指对废旧材料采用拆解、切割、去污、加固等方法进行加工而非破碎、熔化方式，保存了构件的固化能量；对材料原真性的尊重也保存了其技术、美学特征，是未来的发展方向。对建筑拆解产生的废旧材料提高利用率是可持续建筑设计的重要内容。建筑拆解是以废旧材料再利用为目标、精细并选择性的建筑拆除过程。基于国内建筑拆毁与建筑拆解的比较，本课题的研究目标是调查分析典型建筑中建筑拆解及材料再利用的综合生态效益。选择适合的可持续建筑拆解策略需要对各种影响因素进行评估，包括固化能量、构件连接、运输距离、回收成本、环境影响等。新策略将替代传统的建筑拆毁与垃圾填埋，并将大幅提高材料再利用率。建筑师已发觉废旧材料的潜在价值，依靠重构设计策略将旧物重新组织，将废旧材料作为唤醒人们集体记忆的时间提示，引发人们对城市文化历史的关注。