新型双金属核壳结构颜料的设计及红外辐射性能研究

According to the infrared stealth pigments with poor dispersion and small adjustability of the infrared radiation properties, structural design on new core-shell bimetal pigments with various types of solid/hollow/ring is put forward by chemical assembly, deposition and etching techniques. The process parameters (concentration, time, pH, temperature, solvents and additives etc.) related to the composite, structure and size of the bimetallic core-shell particles will be investigated in the reaction system. The body composition and core-shell interface properties (interface composition, crystalline structure, etc.) of the bi-metallic pigments will be focused on achieving the controllable performance ultimately by the ordered structure, variable component and adjustable density of the pigment particles. In addition, it is firstly proposed that density gradient adjustment and surface modification are used for the effective improvement of the pigments dispersion in the coating and further the infrared radiation properties of the coating. Through the pigment structure design and property optimization of the conductivity, crystallinity, surface roughness and so forth, the corresponding relationship between the structure parameters of the pigments and the coating properties after doping will be explored for the infrared radiation mechanism investigation, providing further research basis for structured pigment used in IR stealth coating.

针对现有红外隐身用颜料分散性差、红外辐射性能可调范围小等问题，结合化学组装、沉积和刻蚀技术，对颜料进行结构设计，制备具有核壳结构的实心/空心/环状新型双金属颜料。考察反应体系中浓度、时间、pH、温度、溶剂、添加剂等过程参数对双金属核壳粒子组分、结构、尺寸等本体构成的影响。研究双金属颜料核壳层的本体构成和核壳间的界面特性（界面组成、晶相结构等），实现颜料粒子通过结构有序、组分可变、密度可调，最终达到性能可控。首次提出利用密度梯度调节与表面改性相结合来改善颜料在涂层中的分散性并有效提高涂层的红外辐射性能。通过颜料粒子结构设计，优化掺杂涂层的电导率、结晶性、表面粗糙度等性能，探讨颜料结构参数与掺杂后涂层性能间的内在对应关系，研究其红外辐射作用机制，为红外隐身涂层用结构型颜料的进一步研究提供基础。

颜料是影响涂层红外隐身性能的重要因素之一，因此设计一种新型颜料以有效改善目标的红外辐射性能是红外隐身领域的热点与难点。本研究以新型金属核壳结构材料及其双金属复合材料为研究对象，以无机物和碳材料为基底，以聚氨酯为粘合剂，制备了贵金属Ag、Au、Pt等修饰的复合材料。研究了这些复合材料的可控制备方法，探讨了不同工艺参数下的复合颜料粒子的性能变化，与涂层的结晶性、表面粗糙度等性能之间的关联，研究了材料组分、结构等对复合材料红外辐射性能的影响。有效解决了金属颜料在涂层中的分散性差问题，为低红外辐射性涂层的研究提供了一定的技术基础，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。