基于产物分布的典型可燃固体废弃物热解气化机理研究

The pyrolysis and gasification technology of combustible solid waste (CSW) is the most advanced technology for developing renewable energy in the world. The mechanism reserch of selected CSW pyrolysis-gasification based on product distribution was proposed in this work, where six kinds of selected CSW including biomass, plastics, rubbers, papers, kitchen waste and textiles were involved. As the reaction temperature and the product distribution(Hydrocarbon, acid,alcohol,ether,ester and phenol) of the selected CSWs had some common points. The mechanisms of pyrolysis and gasification based on products distribution was investigated by TG-GCMS and Py-GCMS. The relations between components and temperature can be obtained through a serious of temperature-programmed TGA experiments. Distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was applied to determine kinetic parameters of pyrolysis and gasification, and then mechanism function can be obtained. Py-GCMS has been successfully used for fast pyrolysis of typical CSW to investigate the distribution of products. According our previous study, the starting temperatures of different kinds of CSW were different, but their pyrolysis products and pyrolysis temperatures exited to cross. Combining TGA and Py-GCMS was a way to get pyrolysis and gasification mechnisms of CSW and products distribution, which can deepen the knwoledge of CSW pyrolysis and gasification at the molecular level. The study results can provide theoretic support for CSW pyrolysis-gasification process development and optimization. On the other hand, the results could be as a guide for scientific undstanding of thermo-chemical conversion involving pyrolysis reacitons, revealing mechnisms of CSW pyrolysis and gasification, and the realization of effective, clean and energy utilization.

可燃固体废弃物（ combustible solid waste ，CSW）热解气化是当今世界可再生能源发展领域中的前沿技术。本项目提出基于产物分布的典型CSW热解气化机理研究，以生物质、塑料、橡胶、纸张、厨余和纤维六类CSW为研究对象，根据典型物质在反应温度和产物分布存在共性这一特点，通过TG-GCMS和Py-GCMS相结合方法寻找CSW在慢速和快速热解下温度与产物分布共性，研究有机产物如脂肪烃、有机酸、醇、醚、酮、酚等随温度溢出规律，利用分布活化能模型（DAEM）求得热解和气化动力学参数，揭示CSW热解机理，同时考察气化介质对CSW反应的影响。慢速与快速热解相结合方法可以掌握CSW产物分布与热解反应机理，以期在分子水平上加深对CSW热解气化的认识。研究结果一方面可为CSW热解气化过程工艺开发和优化提供理论支持，另一方面为其它涉及热解现象的热化学反应过程研究提供可供借鉴的科学认识，揭示CSW热解气化机理，实现CSW高效清洁能源化利用。

本项目以可燃固体废弃物（CSW）（生物质、塑料、橡胶、纸张、厨余和纤维）典型组分为研究对象，重点考察了CSW典型物质在惰性和气化介质中的热特性，建立了热解气化反应动力学，研究了CSW典型物质在慢速热解和快速热解下的产物分布规律，主要取得了如下进展：（1）利用热重分析仪（TGA），研究了CSW典型组分在N2和CO2下的热解气化特性，利用分布活化能模型得到CSW典型物质热解气化动力学参数；根据失重特点，典型可燃固体废弃物的在气化介子中的失重过程可以分为热解阶段、焦炭的气化和固定碳的气化三个阶段，提出可以将CSW在气化介质中的反应特点分为1-0-0、1-1-0、1-0-1和1-1-1四种类型；（2）探究了复杂成分之间热解气化的交互作用影响：研究了CSW典型物质质量比1:1混合时在N2和CO2气氛下研究了生物质三组分、生物质组分与塑料橡胶类和生物质与厨余类的热解气化交互作用；对于生物质类物质纤维素和半纤维素具有相互促进作用，木质素对纤维素和半纤维素都有抑制作用；生物质类基元能够促进塑料橡胶类基元的热解气化，但是对厨余类基元的抑制作用比较明显；（3）TG-FTIR研究了典型CSW在慢速热解条件下官能团变化规律，得到组分随温度溢出的规律；（4）采用Py-GCMS研究典型CSW在快速热解条件下产物分布规律，得到有机产物如脂肪烃、有机酸、醇、醚、酮、酚等随温度溢出规律。项目申请人以第一作者或通讯作者在Bioresource Technology、Fuel Processing Technology等国际能源燃料主流SCI期刊上发表论文6篇，培养博士后1名，博士生1名和硕士生2名。