基于激光约束双目重构改进技术的路面三维形貌精确测量问题研究

The satisfactory sliding resistance of pavement, as an important guarantee for traffic safety, is significantly affected by surface morphology. However, the current common test methods used to detect pavement morphology have lots of shortcomings, such as: lack of precision, poor repeatability, the incomplete characterization of rough features, etc. Hence, regarding the accurate detection of three-dimensional (3D) morphology on asphalt pavement as research object, both multiple fixed laser line sub-regional constraint and single moving laser line global scanning constraint were proposed to improve traditional binocular stereo reconstruction technique. Then the effect of binocular stereo reconstruction improved by laser constraint on measuring 3D morphology of asphalt pavement was studied. Besides, both measuring precision and light interference resistance of improved binocular test system were respectively analyzed through processing the evaluation device of test precision and setting different lighting conditions. Furthermore, based on acquired 3D morphology, the characterization indicators about roughness were established from multipoint to comprehensively evaluate the effect of morphology on sliding resistance. .In this project, a new noncontact 3 D morphological detecting device will be developed to realize the accurate detection of 3D pavement morphology including both macro and micro texture morphology. This study has paramount significance for traffic operation, traffic safety, evaluation of sliding resistance, pavement maintenance and anti-skid surface design, which also provides scientific basis for better constructing intelligent transportation and safe transportation using computer vision.

良好的抗滑性能是行车安全的重要保障,而表面形貌又是影响抗滑性能的关键因素。针对现行常用路面形貌测试方法中存在精度不够、重复性差、难以全面表征形貌粗糙特性等不足，以沥青路面三维形貌精确测量问题为研究对象，分别采用多条固定激光线分区域和单条移动激光线全局扫描两种约束模式，对传统双目重构技术加以改进，研究激光约束双目重构改进技术对路面三维形貌的测量效果。通过加工测试精度评价装置和设置不同光照条件，分析改进双目重构测试系统的测量精度和抗光干扰能力。并在提取三维形貌的基础上，多角度地建立形貌粗糙特性的表征指标，综合评价形貌对抗滑性能的影响。.项目预期将建立一套非接触式三维形貌测试装置，实现沥青路面三维宏观和微观纹理形貌的精确测量。项目研究成果对交通事故率的降低，路面抗滑性能的评价，养护时机的决策以及沥青路面抗滑表层的设计等均具有重要意义，为利用计算机视觉技术更好建设智慧交通和平安交通提供科学依据。

为改善双目重构技术对路面三维形貌的测量效果，服务路面抗滑性能的评价。本研究在传统的双目重构技术中引入激光线约束，建立了多条固定激光线分区域约束和单条移动激光线全局扫描约束两种约束模式，以强化匹配约束，提高匹配精度。同时，开发了改进双目重构测试系统和三维形貌测量精度评价装置，用于评价改进算法的测量精度和抗光干扰能力。并进一步基于提取的三维形貌，多角度建立了形貌粗糙特性的表征指标，综合评价了形貌对抗滑性能的影响。. 针对两种激光线约束模式，提出了默认颜色、强化目标线、区域分割匹配、视差替换、叠加合成、子区域分割、子区域分割质心强化7种改进匹配算法。结果表明，激光线约束的引入对整体和单点的测量精度均有改善，特别是6条激光线约束下区域分割改进算法和单条移动激光线全局扫描约束下子区域分割质心强化法可以满足路面抗滑性能评价对形貌测量精度的要求，其视差偏差的平均值和最大值均小于1个像素。同时，改进算法具有良好的抗光干扰能力，能够在50Lux-350Lux的光照范围内保持算法的稳定性。. 结合路面三维形貌的测量结果，理论分析了宏观形貌和微观形貌对抗滑性能的影响机理。从高度相关、波长相关和形状相关三个角度分别建立了形貌类粗糙特性的表征指标。通过相关性分析，优选出平均构造深度、均方根波长和偏斜度作为形貌类代表性评价指标。进一步结合形貌类代表性评价指标的变化，分析其对抗滑性能的影响。结果表明，路面形貌指标可以很好地解释抗滑性能的变化情况，形貌类表征指标可以被考虑用以替代或补充传统摩擦系数类表征指标，以丰富路面抗滑性能评价体系的研究。. 本研究建立了一套非接触式路面三维形貌测量装置，实现了沥青路面三维宏观形貌和微观形貌的同步精确测量。研究结果对交通事故率的降低、路面抗滑性能的评价、工程质量的保障、养护时机的决策等均具有重要理论价值和现实指导意义，为更好地利用图像视觉技术建设智慧交通和平安交通提供了研究基础。