基于超声面阵列波数域成像的航天器在轨泄漏定位方法研究

With the increasing number of space debris, the probability of the collision between the spacecraft in-orbit and space debris is significantly increased, thus threatening the stable operation of the spacecraft and the safety of the astronauts. NASA and other institutions have been doing a lot of research on leak detection of manned spacecraft in-orbit, and they've developed many payloads and applied them in ISS. Our country plans to build the first space station by 2025. At present, the in-orbit leak location technology is in the initial stage and no mature technology is available. This project aims to achieve the leak location of manned spacecraft in-orbit via the key technology of time-space wavenumber domain imaging based on ultrasound array sensor. Based on the acoustic theory and combined with the special structure of the spacecraft, numerical simulation and experimental study are applied to study (a) the acoustic waves propagating in the complex spacecraft hulk, hence obtaining the characteristics of acoustic transmission, reflection and mode conversion in different structures; (b) the algorithm of non-uniform compensated time-space wavenumber domain imaging for leak location, thus grasping the effects of weighted coefficient. Sensor array shape, element number and element spacing acquire the optimal parameters. This project will provide theoretical basis and technological solution for in-orbit leak location requirement for the country’s manned spacecraft.

空间碎片不断增多，在轨航天器受到碎片撞击发生泄漏的概率显著增大，严重威胁航天器的稳定运行。NASA等针对航天器在轨检漏开展了大量研究，研制了相关载荷并成功应用。我国计划在2025年前建成第一个空间站，目前，国内航天器在轨泄漏定位技术研究处于起步阶段，尚无成熟技术可用。本项目以突破基于超声面阵列波数域成像的航天器在轨泄漏定位方法关键技术为研究目标，以声学理论为基础，采用COMSOL仿真与激光多普勒测振相结合的方法，研究泄漏声波在加筋板结构中的传播规律，获得透射、反射关系及模态转换特征；在此基础上，研究波数域成像泄漏定位方法，分析阵列形状、阵元数目、阵元间距等对定位精度的影响，并利用空间稀疏采样和插值计算提高定位精度。最后，研究不同模态、不同频率声波定位的非均匀加权系数，得到最优化的泄漏定位方法，实现航天器加筋结构中连续泄漏的准确定位，为我国载人航天器的在轨泄漏定位提供理论基础与技术支持。

本项目以突破基于超声面阵列波数域成像的航天器在轨泄漏定位方法关键技术为研究目标，研究泄漏声波在航天器加强筋复杂结构中的传播规律，获得不同加强筋结构中声波的透射、反射以及模态转换特性，建立航天器加筋板中声波传播模型；研究非均匀补偿时空相关波数域成像泄漏定位方法和互相关强度谱泄漏定位方法，掌握不同模态加权系数、传感器阵元数目、阵元间距等对定位结果的影响，并得到最优化参数，解决连续泄漏定位难题，为我国空间站等载人航天器的在轨泄漏定位提供理论基础和方法支持，完成了课题的全部研究目标。