基于元蛋白质组学厨余垃圾堆肥关键微生物新陈代谢网络研究

Characters)：Key microbial communities diversity and mechanism study during different stages of composting are critical scientific issues in development of microbial inoculants technology. Though metagenomic method could be used to analyze communities diversity, there are limitations for function study in the metabolic pathways of organic matter. The metaproteomic method has advantages of identifying functional proteins and analyzing microbial communities function, but no one to use it to study composting samples so far. This study uses metaproteomic and bioinformatic approach to analyze the protein fingerprints of samples from different stages of food waste composting. The metabolic pathways of organic matter and key microbial communities in different stages would be show clearly further. The relationship among functional proteins, key microbial communities and metabolic pathways would be studied. The network of metabolic characteristics of key communities in composting batch would be build. The presence project has filled in the blank of the key microbial communities diversity and mechanism study, and provided a theoretic base for bioaugmentation technology of composting.

探明堆肥过程中关键微生物群落演替规律及其作用机制，是制约生物强化堆肥技术发展的关键科学问题。元基因组学研究方法，虽能解析堆肥过程中优势微生物变化，却无法进一步分析其在有机质代谢途径中的作用，而元蛋白质组学在功能蛋白质鉴定及微生物群体功能性分析等方面更具优势，但相关研究尚未在堆肥研究领域开展。基于此，本研究以厨余垃圾堆肥为对象，采用元蛋白质组学、生物质谱鉴定、生物信息学分析相结合的方法，获得堆肥过程中元蛋白质组“指纹图谱”，解析厨余垃圾堆肥过程中不同阶段关键蛋白、辅助蛋白功能、丰度等重要元蛋白质组学特征；阐明堆肥不同阶段主要有机质代谢通路，溯源有机质代谢通路中关键微生物群落；研究代谢通路、关键微生物群落、核心功能蛋白间的响应关系，构建厨余垃圾堆肥过程中关键微生物群落新陈代谢网络图谱，填补从功能蛋白水平揭示堆肥过程中关键微生物群落演替规律机理的研究空白，为提升生物强化堆肥接种技术提供理论支撑。

为了实现微生物对堆肥过程积极作用最大化，本研究采用元蛋白质组学方法开展了厨余垃圾生物强化堆肥过程的微生物学机制研究。由碳水化合物代谢网络图谱可知，接种剂能够显著提高木质纤维素降解酶的含量，以及产酶微生物的多样性和丰度，促进堆肥腐殖化进程；过量的乙酸和丙酸是厨余垃圾堆肥初期酸化的主要原因，在乙酸和丙酸代谢图谱中发现，抗酸化菌剂显著提高了乙酸和丙酸代谢途径关键酶来源菌株多样性和丰度，分散“酸性逆境”对可降解乙酸和丙酸微生物的压力；工业化堆肥过程中供氧方式对微生物新陈代谢网络有很大影响，定时翻堆能够增加微生物活性，加速木质纤维素的降解，也会改变木质纤维素降解菌的种类。项目资助发表中文核心2篇，SCI论文7篇，并作为多个获奖项目的理论基础。