强化城镇污水新型有机物去除与颗粒结构稳定的好氧颗粒污泥工艺基础研究

With the objectives of enrichment of high-density multi-functional microorganisms and enhancement of granule stability, the aerobic granular sludge for high-efficient removals of nitrogen and Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs)/Endocrine Disruptors (EDs) will be cultivated via the joint operation of biological and hydraulic selection pressures. The granular sludge properties of physical structure and aggregate process are analyzed, and the synergetic mechanism of nitrogen and PPCPs/EDs removals are revealed in the biological municipal wastewater treatment. In order to resolve the predominant populations and their functions in aerobic granular sludge, the growth characteristics, functional activity and composite pattern of granular predominant populations are studied using technologies of stable isotope probing (SIP), high throughput sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and the competitive and cooperative relationships between functional microorganisms which could degrade objective pollutants and key associated microorganisms such as flocculating bacteria are demonstrated within the aerobic granular sludge. In views of the EPS secretion, microbial syntrophism and quorum sensing, the regulation mechanism of multi-functional microbes will be revealed for the growth promotion, functional enhancement and structural stability of aerobic granular sludge. Based on the above studies, an efficient and stable aerobic granular sludge process will be established for municipal wastewater treatment, and it is hoped for the development in the theory research, technology innovation and engineering application of aerobic granular sludge technology.

项目从富集高浓度多功能菌群与强化颗粒污泥稳定性入手，通过生物、水力选择压联合操控，培育和研究高效脱氮与降解PPCPs/EDs好氧颗粒污泥，剖析颗粒污泥的物理结构特征与团聚过程特性，揭示城镇污水生物处理系统脱氮与PPCPs/EDs协同去除机理；运用同位素标记、高通量测序、荧光原位杂交、蛋白双向电泳等技术，重点解析不同工艺工况下颗粒污泥优势菌群的生长特征、功能活性与组合模式，揭示硝化反硝化菌、PPCPs/EDs降解菌以及絮凝菌等伴生菌在污泥颗粒化过程的竞争或协作关系；在此基础上，从EPS分泌、菌群互养、群体感应等角度，阐明颗粒污泥生长促进、功能强化、结构稳定的多功能菌群调控机制，进而提出高效稳定的处理城镇污水好氧颗粒污泥工艺运行策略，推进好氧颗粒污泥工艺的理论探索、技术创新和工程应用。

污水处理厂氮磷减排、新型污染物削控是当前全球污水处理研究热点，好氧生物处理是有机物矿化、污水达标排放的主流技术及有效手段之一。好氧颗粒污泥因其致密的物理结构、优异的沉降性能、功能互营的菌群和高浓度的生物量，在改善泥水分离、污染物高效去除、剩余污泥减量以及降低工程投资等方面具有明显技术优势、良好开发应用前景。. 本项目从富集高浓度多功能菌群与强化颗粒污泥稳定性入手，以城镇污水（含典型PPCPs或EDs）为处理对象，创新开展好氧颗粒污泥工艺优化、颗粒污泥强化新型有机物与常规污染物协同去除过程特性、污泥优势菌群的生长特征与功能活性、颗粒污泥工艺微生物调控机制等方面研究。结果表明，通过运行初期OLR递减、进水F/M维持0.5gCOD/(gSS·d)、颗粒絮体污泥泥龄分控、反应周期适应性降曝等措施可实现好氧污泥颗粒化，通过内置筛网等反应器构型与水力优化可实现颗粒污泥结构稳定。同时，获得的颗粒污泥可实现脱氮与罗红霉素（ROX）、磺胺甲恶唑（SMZ）、17β-雌二醇（E2）、17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）等典型PPCPs/EDs协同强化去除，去除率均在70%以上；分析PPCPs/EDs去除过程发现，颗粒污泥对ROX、SMZ等PPCPs具有较高的生物降解能力，但对Eds的去除过程差异明显，其中E2以生物降解为主、EE2以污泥吸附为主。应用高通量测序、qPCR等分子生物技术研究发现，多数工艺强化过程Thauera spp.、Zoogloea spp.等具有胞外多聚物（EPS；以类色氨酸蛋白等为主）分泌功能的微生物得到先锋定殖，进而促进污泥絮体团聚、利于脱氮与PPCPs/EDs降解等功能的微生物富集持留。进一步从污泥微生物群体感应、EPS分泌角度研究发现，成熟稳定的颗粒污泥中C8-HSL、3OHC8-HSL、3OHC12-HSL等信号分子大量富集，其在显著调节类色氨酸蛋白等功能EPS分泌促进颗粒结构稳定的同时，调控ATP合成实现城镇污水复合污染高效协同去除。项目构建的工艺技术体系可根据进水水质与处理要求保障好氧颗粒污泥生长促进、功能强化与结构优化，有望推动好氧颗粒污泥工艺技术工业化应用、保障水环境生态安全。