阔叶红松林物种多样性与地上碳储量的动态关系研究

The effect of species diversity on the forest above-ground carbon storage varying over time, plays an important role for forest multi-target management. There is a strong and lasting debate over the relationship between the biodiversity and above-ground carbon storage caused by using the method of revealing the current phenomenon with static data. Few evidences support what element of biodiversity matters to above-ground carbon storage. The objective of the present study is to investigate the dynamic relationship between biodiversity and above-ground carbon storage over different age-class of broad-leaved Korean pine forest established in Jiaohe, Jilin province. Tree-ring data and permanent plot survey data as well as allometric growth model are utilized to reconstruct the interannual increment of above-ground carbon storage for individual tree in order to test the age/size-related impact. The carbon sequestrations among species are quantified combining with their physiological characteristics. The history of species diversity index and above-ground carbon storage are developed to examine whether there is a dynamic relationship between species diversity and above-ground carbon storage. If there is, the key elements influencing the dynamic relationship between species diversity and above-ground carbon storage are explored according to specific carbon sequestrations and species diversity index and used to model the dynamic relationship between the species diversity and above-ground carbon storage. This study provides the theory basis for formulation of scientific and effective forest multi-target management, and has a considerable guiding significance to the development of forestry carbon sequestration.

生物多样性与地上碳储量的关系是一个动态过程，是森林多目标经营亟需解决的重要问题。利用静态数据揭示当前现象的研究方法导致生物多样性与地上碳储量关系存在一定争议，同时，影响生物多样性-地上碳储量动态关系的关键因子尚不明确。本研究拟以吉林蛟河已建立的不用龄级阔叶红松林固定样地为研究对象，基于树轮数据、固定样地监测数据和异速生长方程重建单木碳储量年际变化，检验年龄/径级对单木碳储量的影响，结合物种生理特征量化固碳贡献能力的物种差异性；构建地上碳储量和物种多样性测量指标（丰富度，均匀度，多样性指数）动态，检验物种多样性-地上碳储量是否存在动态关系，若存在，将物种多样性测量指标与固碳贡献能力的物种差异性相结合，判定影响阔叶红松林物种多样性-地上碳储量动态关系的关键因子，建立物种多样性-地上碳储量的动态关系模型。研究结果将为制定科学有效的森林多目标经营措施提供理论依据，对碳汇林业的发展具有重要指导意义。

生物多样性与地上碳储量的关系是一个动态过程，是森林多目标经营亟需解决的重要问题。生物量和含碳率是量化地上碳储量的关键要素。本研究拟以吉林蛟河已建立的不同发育阶段阔叶红松林固定样地为研究对象，基于树轮数据、固定样地监测数据和异速生长方程重建单木生物量年际变化，分析了径级相关的单木生物量年际变化，探讨了含碳率的物种差异性，研究了物种多样性测量指标动态，揭示物种多样性-地上生物量动态关系。研究表明：（1）径级因素对生物量分配规律和含碳率均有显著影响，其中茎干生物量分配比例随着胸径增加呈降低趋势，大径级树木叶生物量趋于稳定，小径级叶生物量分配比例呈快速降低。阔叶红松林针叶树种含碳率高于阔叶树种，大径级红松含碳率对干燥方式更敏感，小径级红松挥发性碳贡献更高且年际间变化更明显。径级相关单木生物量在不同发育阶段存在显著差异，且具有一定物种特性。（2）Shannon-wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数随林分发育呈现先下降随后逐渐上升，生物多样性指数年际变化趋势较稳定，仅近熟林在1990年后出现明显上升趋势。（3）群落水平上香农多样性指数与单株生物量生长之间呈现显著的正相关关系，物种均匀度与生产力具有显著的负相关关系。物种水平上，阔叶红松林中胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)和千金榆(Carpinus cordata)个体生长与邻域物种多样性正相关，而色木槭(Acer mono)和紫椴(Tilia amurensis)与邻域中物种多样性呈反比。本研究阐述了径级相关单木生物量变化特征以及不同尺度生物多样性与单木生物量的动态关系，为制定科学有效的森林多目标经营措施提供理论依据，对碳汇林业的发展具有重要指导意义。