基于废水除氟的铁铝硬酸类金属配合作用研究

High concentration fluoride in wastewater is one of the key problems resulting in the wastewater difficult to reuse, moreover, the discharge of wastewater containing high concentration fluoride poses a serious threat to drinking water safety. The currently used chemical coagulation and precipitation has some problems, e.g. large sludge quantity, wastewater hard to meet to discharge limit, unstable outlet water quality. Thus, high performance materials and techniques for advanced purification of fluoride-rich wastewater are urgently needed. In the present proposal, new design concept of synthesis of metal oxide composites for effective fluoride removal based on the complexation interaction between hard acid metals and fluoride is proposed according to the theory of hard and soft acid and base. The formation and chemical species distribution of the hard acid metal(s) complexes with fluoride in aqueous solution, the structure-activity relationship between the hard acid metal oxides composites and fluoride removal in wastewater, and the adsorption behavior and mechanism of fluoride on the hard acid metals oxide composites will be studied. The major objectives of the present proposal are to reveal the adsorption mechanism of fluoride on the hard acid metal oxides composite, to provided fundamental basis for the development of new materials and adsorption technique for efficient fluoride removal, and to develop the technological schemes for effective fluoride removal in wastewater based on hard acid metal oxides composites.

废水中高浓度氟离子是导致净化水难以直接全面回用的关键问题之一，而且高浓度含氟废水排放，严重威胁居民饮用水安全。常用的化学、混凝沉淀法存在产生的污泥量大、废水排放难以达标、出水水质不稳定等问题。高性能除氟吸附材料的开发及其深度净化氟离子技术成为迫切需求。本项目根据软硬酸碱理论，率先提出基于铁铝硬酸类金属与氟离子配合作用合成高效除氟的复合金属氧化物吸附材料的设计思路，拟通过研究水溶液体系中铁铝硬酸类金属与氟离子的配合物形成及形态分布规律，硬酸类金属复合氧化物净化废水中氟离子的"构效关系"，硬酸类金属复合氧化物对氟离子的吸附行为特征与作用机制，旨在揭示铁铝硬酸类金属复合氧化物对氟化物的吸附机制，为开发高效除氟新材料及吸附技术提供理论基础，并形成硬酸类金属复合氧化物深度净化废水中氟离子的技术原型。

废水中高浓度氟离子是导致净化水难以直接全面回用的关键问题之一，而且高浓度含氟废水排放，严重威胁居民饮用水安全。常用的化学、混凝沉淀法存在产生的污泥量大、废水排放难以达标、出水水质不稳定等问题。高性能除氟吸附材料的开发及其深度净化氟离子技术成为迫切需求。本项目基于软硬酸碱理论，研究铁铝硬酸类金属与氟离子的配合物形成及形态分布规律，铁铝硬酸类金属复合氧化物净化废水中氟离子的“构效关系”，铁铝硬酸类金属复合氧化物对氟离子的吸附行为特征与作用机制，等。通过项目研究，1）阐明了氟离子吸附作用与硬酸类金属电负性之间的联系，建立了基于多金属协同效应构建高效除氟的双金属复合氧化物方法；2）合成了新型SO42-表面掺杂铁铝复合壳核结构材料，发现氟吸附过程中SO42-离子界面转移现象，提出了液固界面微环境硫氟离子交换强化除氟的新机制，探明表面掺杂效应对复合纳米结构表面电性能影响，揭示了纳米材料表面掺杂SO42-—F-离子交换强化除氟的作用机制；3）结合纳米氧化铝对氟有较强的亲和力和丝状真菌表面具有多种官能团以及利于回收的特点，构建了具高效除氟、快速可逆组装和可回收的特征的Al2O3/菌体复合结构。通过研究，申请国家发明专利7项，其中授权专利2项， 发表学术论文4篇，其中SCI收录3篇，EI收录1篇，培养博士3名（毕业2名），硕士2名（毕业1名）。