机场场面目标高精度声学定位关键技术研究

To improve the efficiency and safety of civil airport operation, study on aerodrome surveillance technology (AST) obtains increasingly recognition. As a result, some new methods of AST have become research hotspot. There is no report about domestic research on acoustic localization of AST, though acoustic localization of aircraft has been gradually developed overseas. This subject aims at high accuracy of acoustic localization for targets at aerodrome, and studies the key technologies of acoustic localization. The research includes NEA (Node Element Array) space beamforming for each node, effective NEA optimum strategy, dynamically selecting of sub-array, and high resolution integrated localization method based on multiple sub-arrays. The key problems that need to be solved contain effective method of acoustic localization in coherent sound environment, correct localization for multiple acoustic targets in complicatedly undetermined sound environment, as well as high resolution localization based on multiple sub-arrays. The subject will propose a surveillance solution for acoustic localization of targets at aerodrome, which has values both on academic study and practical application. The research of acoustic localization for targets at aerodrome is a beneficial supplement for radio positioning of targets at aerodrome, and has significance both on theory and practice.

为了提高民航机场的运行效率和安全水平，场面监视技术研究日益受到重视。因此，新型的监视技术已成为场面监视的研究热点。虽然利用声学方法对飞机进行定位的研究在国外已逐步开展，但对机场场面进行监视的声学定位法研究在国内未见报道。本课题以机场场面目标的高精度声学定位为目标，研究场面目标声学定位的关键技术；以节点阵元阵NEA空间赋形、有效的NEA优选策略、子阵的动态选择及基于多子阵的高分辨综合定位方法等为具体研究内容；解决相干声场景下的声源有效定位、复杂欠定声场景下多目标声源正确定位、基于多子阵的高分辨定位等声源定位关键问题。拟提出既具学术研究意义又有实际应用价值的机场场面目标声学定位监视方案。本项目研究机场场面目标声学定位技术，是对场面目标无线电定位技术的有益补充，具有理论和现实两方面的意义。

本项目以机场场面目标的高精度声学定位为目标，研究场面目标声学定位的关键技术。项目组在研究期间主要围绕节点阵元阵NEA空间赋形、有效的NEA优选策略、子阵的动态选择及基于多子阵的高分辨综合定位方法等研究内容，解决相干声场景下的声源有效定位、复杂欠定声场景下多目标声源正确定位、基于多子阵的高分辨定位等声源定位相关问题。建立麦克风阵列接收信号模型，提出机场环境下定位阵列的合理布局与选阵策略；针对相干信源定位的欠定问题及信源数估计问题，提出基于双阵元的宽带相干信源数估计方法、旋转投影算法；针对稀疏线阵DOA估计模糊问题，提出了一种基于旋转模糊对消准则的多重联合MUSIC解模糊方法；针对小快拍数情况下，传统的DOA估计产生的子空间泄漏问题以及低信噪比的稀疏阵列相干信源DOA估计问题，提出基于伪噪声重采样的迭代酉求根MUSIC算法；针对波束主瓣宽度随频率、波束指向角改变而发生畸变的问题，提出均匀稀疏线阵、均匀稀疏圆阵频率不变波束形成（FIB）、方向不变波束形成（SIB）优化设计方法以及基于二阶锥规划（SOCP）和傅里叶逆变换（IFT）的宽带频率-方向不变恒定束宽波束形成方法。本项目研究机场场面目标声学定位技术，是对场面目标无线电定位技术的有益补充，具有理论和现实意义。